Knowledge and utilization of iodized salt among expectant mothers in Harar City's public health facilities: a multicenter study in Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Insufficient iodine intake during pregnancy can result in abortion, stillbirths, neonatal mortality, cretinism and permanent cognitive impairment. Even although iodized salt is widely accessible in Ethiopia, pregnant women still experience persistent problems related to iodine deficiency disorders. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 573 pregnant women who were attending antenatal care services at public health facilities. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used, and independent predictors were determined based on adjusted ORs with 95% CIs and p<0.05. Results Knowledge and practice of pregnant women on iodized utilization were 35.6% (95% CI 31.8 to 39.6%) and 37.7% (95% CI 32.1 to 42.9%), respectively. Living in urban areas (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.976, 95% CI 1.136 to 3.435) and having a higher level of education (AOR=2.018, 95% CI 1.037 to 3.930) were associated with having adequate knowledge. Having a diploma or higher education (AOR=2.684, 95% CI 1.137 to 6.340) and adequate knowledge about iodized salt utilization (AOR=2.095, 95% CI 1.273 to 3.447) were significantly associated with good practice. Conclusions The current study highlights the level of knowledge and practices of pregnant women on iodized salt. It emphasizes the necessity for targeted programs about the benefits of iodized salt and how to use it correctly, particularly for those with low literacy levels and those living in rural areas.