Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pilgrims Regarding Heat-Related Illnesses during the 2017 Hajj Mass Gathering

Yezli, Saber; Mushi, Abdulaziz; Yassin, Yara; Maashi, Fuad; Khan, Anas

doi:10.3390/ijerph16173215

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Reported levels of education among pilgrims varied depending on the studied populations. One study among pilgrims from South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iraq, and Indonesia in 2017 found that 83.7% had secondary or higher education [ 26 ]. A similarly high proportion was reported among Indonesian and Australian pilgrims [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study Regarding the Health Profile of the 2017 South African Hajj Pilgrims

Mushi

Yassin

Khan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The Hajj mass gathering annually attracts over two million Muslim pilgrims worldwide to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We aimed to establish demographics and health profiles for the South African pilgrims performing the 2017 Hajj. Methods: This is a longitudinal survey-based study conducted on 1138 adult South African pilgrims in two phases (during and post-Hajj). Data on demographics, vaccination status, underlying health conditions, pre-Hajj training, health promotion, travel history, and health issues during and post-Hajj were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. Results: Participants had a mean age of 49.2 years (SD = 13.3; range 18–81), with a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. The majority of pilgrims were married (88.2%), of Indian/Asian background (73%), and literate (>99%). Nearly all pilgrims were vaccinated against meningococcal disease and yellow fever, but only 23.7% were vaccinated against Influenza. Hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels were the most common underlying health conditions reported by 22.6%, 13.2%, and 11.5% of pilgrims, respectively. One month after return to South Africa, nearly 65% of pilgrims reported illness during Hajj, while 40% reported falling ill post event upon return to South Africa. Nevertheless, only a few were admitted to hospitals (12 during Hajj and 15 post-Hajj). Among ill pilgrims, respiratory symptoms were the most commonly experienced symptoms during (70.2%) and post-Hajj (82.2%). Other symptoms such as walking-related symptoms include symptoms directly related or mainly caused by walking (e.g., leg pain, sore feet, blisters on the feet), dehydration, and gastrointestinal tract symptoms reported during Hajj. Medication to treat respiratory symptoms and antibiotics were the most commonly used medications during and post-Hajj. Having an underlying health condition was an independent predictor of falling ill during or post Hajj. Conclusion: Our study indicates that a sizable proportion of South African pilgrims are elderly with underlying health conditions and most contract respiratory tract infections during and post Hajj. Our study highlights the need for systematic collection of prospective pilgrims’ demographics and health data and more attention to post-Hajj health follow-ups of pilgrims.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study Regarding the Health Profile of the 2017 South African Hajj Pilgrims

Mushi

Yassin

Khan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…A scoring system was developed to score the knowledge and attitude of study participants, as described previously. 36 , 37 Briefly, incorrect/inappropriate were given a 0 score, while one point was given for choosing the correct/appropriate answer; a correct/appropriate response was based on current literature and the good attitude. For multiple-choice questions with more than one correct answer, one score was given for the correct/appropriate response and for not choosing the incorrect/inappropriate responses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Risks Towards COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact of Risk Communication Messages on Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia

Mushi¹,

Yassin²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

RMHP

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Purpose: To investigate knowledge, attitude, and perceived risks towards COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia. Besides, the impact of risk communication strategy on the attitude and practice of HCWs was investigated. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that targeted HCWs from various Saudi health facilities. We utilized a self-administrated, online-based questionnaire designed to assess basic knowledge of COVID-19, attitude and disease perception, and the impact of risk communication messages among HCWs. Results: A total of 1691 responses were received in the study. The HCWs exhibited good levels of knowledge (total maximum score is 1) of COVID-19 concerning the modes of transportation of COVID-19 (0.82±0.16), sample collection method for COVID-19 diagnosis (0.98±0.08), transmission of infection from asymptomatic individuals (0.99±0.11), and that antibiotics are not effective against the new COVID-19 (0.83±0.38). Nearly onethird of the participants considered a high/very high possibility of acquiring COVID-19 infection. HCWs had good attitude scores concerning their willingness to deal with new COVID-19 patients (0.87±0.33) and their beliefs in being educated on COVID-19 (0.99 ±0.11). Almost all participants strongly agree/agree that it is important to take action to prevent the spread of COVID-19 within healthcare facilities and received health information messages. Notably, 93.4% of the participants stated that the received messages changed their attitude towards COVID-19 and its preventive measures. Good knowledge scores were significantly associated with age > 49 years old, higher educational level, and physician occupation. Similarly, good attitude scores were higher among males, HCWs aged 40-49 years old, non-Saudi nationals, and physician and nurse occupations. Conclusion:HCWs have fair knowledge and attitude towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk communication is an effective strategy to improve the attitude and practice of HCWs towards COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.

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“…Risk of heatrelated illness is exacerbated by age, comorbidities such as diabetes, 95 and reluctance among some people to adopt hydration and other preventative practices (eg, umbrellas) due to misconceptions about compatibility with Hajj rituals. 96…”

Section: Mass Gatheringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the health effects of hot weather and heat extremes: from personal cooling strategies to green cities

et al. 2021

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pilgrims Regarding Heat-Related Illnesses during the 2017 Hajj Mass Gathering

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

A Longitudinal Study Regarding the Health Profile of the 2017 South African Hajj Pilgrims

A Longitudinal Study Regarding the Health Profile of the 2017 South African Hajj Pilgrims

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Risks Towards COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact of Risk Communication Messages on Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia

Reducing the health effects of hot weather and heat extremes: from personal cooling strategies to green cities

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