Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the risk of zoonotic diseases, wildlife trade, and wildlife consumption in Latin America: A One Health mixed-method study protocol

Abstract

The emergence and transmission of zoonotic diseases is a critical global challenge. Deforestation, land use changes, and urbanization have led to increased human-wildlife interactions, raising the likelihood of pathogen spillover. Wildlife trade, including handling and consumption, contributes significantly to this risk. This study aims to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards zoonotic disease risks, wildlife trade, and consumption among rural and urban populations in Bolivia, Chile, Guatemala and Brazil, including indigenous communities. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study included a quantitative KAP survey with 3600 interviewees, qualitative in-depth interviews with 15 key actors and 6 focus group discussions to develop targeted educational interventions within the communities. This study's mixed-methods design provides quantitative baseline information, as well as qualitative context and depth, allowing for comprehensive insights into KAP in the communities in Latin America. To address the complex interplay of human, animal, and environmental factors, the One Health approach is applied with a focus on international and interdisciplinary collaboration. The participatory approach promotes mutual ownership and sustainability of public health interventions.