Knowledge, Behavioural Lifestyle, and Preventive Measures of Myopia among Undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State

Abstract

Background Myopia, or short-sightedness, affects many young people globally. The condition has witnessed a significant increase, especially among adolescents and young adults. By 2050, almost half of the global population may suffer from it. The youth population, particularly in Nigeria, shows higher prevalence rates of myopia, necessitating investigations into knowledge, behavioural lifestyles, and prevention among undergraduates. The study examined the knowledge, behavioural lifestyle, and prevention strategies related to myopia among undergraduates in the University of Ibadan. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the University of Ibadan, among 401 undergraduates from 10 faculties selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data on knowledge of myopia, behavioural lifestyles, and preventive measures were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Analysis was done using SPSS software, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics, which includes Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests at α0.05 . Results Respondents’ age was 21.7 ± 2.8, 64.8% were males and 35.2% were females. About 53.9% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of myopia. Less than half, (46.5%) reported using digital devices for more than 3 hours daily without breaks, while 31.6% admitted to reading under dim light more than 5 times a week. Almost two-fifth of the respondents, (45.9%) demonstrated good preventive measures against myopia. Significant associations were identified between knowledge levels and socio-demographic characteristics, including age, gender, faculty, and monthly allowance. Additionally, there was an association between knowledge levels and lifestyle behaviours, and the practice of preventive measures. Conclusion The study showed that the University of Ibadan undergraduates have knowledge gaps about myopia, along with common lifestyle behaviours contributing to it. It also highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to improve undergraduates' knowledge about myopia, promote healthier lifestyle behaviours, and encourage the adoption of effective preventive measures among university students. To address these gaps, it's crucial to include myopia education in the General Studies (GST) curriculum. This should cover causes and prevention, and promote eye-friendly habits. Additionally, students should have easy access to eye care services. Collaboration between health professionals and the university is essential for a comprehensive approach to eye health education.