Knowledge of prostate cancer presentation, etiology, and screening practices among women: a mixed-methods systematic review

Wiafe, Ebenezer; Mensah, Kofi Boamah; Mensah, Abraham Yeboah; Bangalee, Varsha; Oosthuizen, Frasia

doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01695-5

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…With evidence of women playing a vital role in PCa control in our previous review study [ 13 ], the cost of diagnosis and management of the disease is essential for women to prioritize their family resources and how the country would allocate its national resources to control PCa. The evaluation of the COI of PCa, through an analysis of the direct health cost due to the unavailability of data, in Ghana is therefore essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The direct cost incurred by patients and caregivers in diagnosing and managing prostate cancer in Ghana

Wiafe

Mensah

Appiah

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Over the years, the prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) has been on the increase. Poor prognosis has been a reflection of increased advance-staged diagnosis and inadequate financial assistance. The prioritization of resources cannot be effective enough to factor in the unexpected economic burden resulting from ill health unless health economic approaches are utilized to estimate the cost of diseases including PCa. With the absence of data on the cost of PCa in Ghana, and the evidence of the benefits of PCa cost-of-illness studies on cancer financing, it has become imperative to investigate the direct health cost of PCa on patients and careers. Hence, we investigate the cost of PCa diagnosis and management, the availability and prices of PCa medications, and the affordability of PCa care in Ghana. Methods The prevalence approach to cost-of-illness studies was adopted in this study through a random selection of two (2) hospitals, four (4) private laboratories, and ten (10) private community pharmacies in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The diagnostic and management cost of PCa was investigated through the application of validated data collection instruments to representatives of the selected hospitals and laboratories. The availability and prices of PCa medications were studied with the administration of a validated tool to representatives of the selected pharmacies. The data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and the affordability of care was assessed considering the 2021 Ghana National Daily Minimum Wage (GNDMW). Results The cost of diagnosing non-metastatic and metastatic PCa were respectively estimated at GHC 1686.00 ($ 290.58) and GHC 6876.00 ($ 1185.09). Radical prostatectomy, as a management option, was estimated at GHC 2150.00 ($ 370.56) higher than Extended Beam Radiotherapy (GHC 2150.00: $ 370.56). The mean PCa drug availability for the sampled pharmacies around the public hospital, all the sampled pharmacies, and around the private hospital were respectively 61.54, 51.54, and 41.54%. None of the sampled drugs at the stated strengths had a 100% availability. A 6-month androgen deprivation therapy employing goserelin was GHC 3000.00 ($ 517.05). The median drug price ratio (MDPR) was 0.72 - 15.38, with generic bicalutamide 150 mg tablets as the cheapest and generic flutamide 250 mg tablets as the most expensive. Conclusion The diagnostic and management cost of PCa currently overwhelms the average Ghanaian because the minimum daily wage in 2021 is GHC 12.53 ($ 0.46). A higher economic burden was associated with metastatic PCa and hence, the need for strategies to improve early detection. Also, the inclusion of PCa management in the National Health Insurance Scheme would lessen the financial burden of the disease on patients and careers, and improve management outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The direct cost incurred by patients and caregivers in diagnosing and managing prostate cancer in Ghana

Wiafe

Mensah

Appiah

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…This pilot study served as the third stage of the development of a robust Akan tool, with appropriate psychometric properties, aimed at studying prostate cancer awareness amongst Ghanaian women. The first stage of the tool development involved the conduct of a systematic review which brought together various questionnaire items [ 2 ]. The questionnaire items were then combined to develop an English version data extraction tool which was translated into the Akan language, certified, and subjected to validity and reliability assessments as part of the second stage of the tool development [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a study by Rashid et al (2007), women reported poor prostate cancer knowledge and their inability to contribute to the timely detection of prostate cancer and stressed the need for education and inclusiveness [ 1 ]. Drawing on the evidence from a systematic review conducted by Wiafe and colleagues (2021), it has become relevant to investigate the knowledge, awareness and perception of prostate cancer (PCa) in African women [ 2 ]. According to the authors, none of the seven primary (7) studies that were included in their review was conducted in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development and application of educational interventions require the availability of robust knowledge assessment tools. With the high success rate of educational interventions [ 11 , 12 ] and the lack of Ghanaian PCa knowledge assessment tools [ 2 ], it has become imperative to develop and pilot such a tool. Through the efforts of a team of researchers, an Akan PCa awareness tool has been developed, validated, and adopted in this pilot study [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pilot study of the knowledge, awareness and perception of prostate cancer in Ghanaian women

et al. 2022

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Background The African prostate cancer epidemiological trend has reported the late detection of the disease and resultant high mortality rate. Considering the economic position of the African continent, which often contributes to high mortality, it has become imperative to investigate cost-effective means of improving the timely detection of prostate cancer. This study, the third developmental phase of a robust Akan tool, aimed at conducting an external pilot survey to investigate the practicability of the tool in studying prostate cancer awareness in women. Method The study was conducted in one of the biggest markets in Ghana employing a quantitative approach and recruiting 400 females from the age of 18 years. Post-ethical approval and study subjects’ consent, the participants randomly responded to the Akan tool and the data was electronically entered in the presence of the participants. The data, entered in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, were analysed with the SPSS software (version 25). The results were presented as frequencies and percentages, with an assessment of the tool’s reliability. Results A Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.9030 was calculated. The majority (83.50%) of the participants belonged to the Akan tribe and were fluent in the Akan language. None of the knowledge items on the signs and symptoms, and risk factors of the disease had correct responses from more than 25.00% and 20.00% of the participants respectively whilst knowledge items on the causes of prostate cancer received varied responses. The participants were aware of the disease and had a positive perception. Conclusions The pilot survey adequately tested the Akan tool and suggested various modifications to the tool and the study methodology. The tool exhibited acceptable reliability and could be applied to targeted populations to investigate the awareness of prostate cancer in women.

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“…Tey have also been proven to play a key role in making decisions in the treatment of their spouse or partner diagnosed with prostate cancer, as well as in screening. However, few studies have been conducted on women's knowledge of prostate cancer, and it is necessary to map the evidence to establish their knowledge as a public health tool to reduce the disease [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Prostate Cancer among the Sportsmen in the Republic of Serbia

Panajotović

Jovanovic²,

Vukcević

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men. Regardless of statistics, screening for prostate cancer is an individual decision and most male patients come for their first examination with an already developed disease, as they are not adequately informed. The study aimed to emphasize the importance of preventive tests for urological diseases in the Republic of Serbia, raise awareness about urinary problems, and present social marketing strategies for prevention. The results confirm the generally lower awareness of respondents under the age of 30, followed by those who finished university, go to the doctor two or three times a year, and receive information other than by watching TV. Implemented research indicates the influence of the marketing principles and social marketing strategies on possible target groups of the male population over 50, which is aimed at raising awareness of the importance of prevention of urological diseases and the expected changes in the health behavior of the target population.

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Knowledge of prostate cancer presentation, etiology, and screening practices among women: a mixed-methods systematic review

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

The direct cost incurred by patients and caregivers in diagnosing and managing prostate cancer in Ghana

The direct cost incurred by patients and caregivers in diagnosing and managing prostate cancer in Ghana

A pilot study of the knowledge, awareness and perception of prostate cancer in Ghanaian women

Awareness of Prostate Cancer among the Sportsmen in the Republic of Serbia

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