Knowledge of the Baltic Sea physics gained during the BALTEX and related programmes

Omstedt, Anders; Elken, Jüri; Lehmann, Andreas; Piechura, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2004.09.001

Cited by 98 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Omstedt et al, 2004;Hjalmarsson et al, 2008;Backer and Leppänen, 2008;Wesslander, 2011) and monitored. It is characterized by an important upwelling variability (Norman et al, 2013a;Myrberg and Andrejev, 2003;Lehmann and Myrberg, 2008;Sproson and Sahlée, 2014) and by important river runoffs (Bergstrom, 1994), which were estimated at 17241.9 m 3 s −1 in 2015 (Johansson, 2017).…”

Section: G Parard Et Al: Air-sea Co 2 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO2 exchange in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In this article, we present the first climatological map of air-sea CO 2 flux over the Baltic Sea based on remote sensing data: estimates of pCO 2 derived from satellite imaging using self-organizing map classifications along with class-specific linear regressions (SOMLO methodology) and remotely sensed wind estimates. The estimates have a spatial resolution of 4 km both in latitude and longitude and a monthly temporal resolution from 1998 to 2011. The CO 2 fluxes are estimated using two types of wind products, i.e. reanalysis winds and satellite wind products, the higher-resolution wind product generally leading to higher-amplitude flux estimations.Furthermore, the CO 2 fluxes were also estimated using two methods: the method of Wanninkhof et al.

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Section: G Parard Et Al: Air-sea Co 2 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO2 exchange in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2017

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“…The amplitude of the annual pCO 2 cycle varies significantly depending on the region, ranging from 400 µatm in the northeastern Baltic Proper to 120 µatm in the transition areas to the North Sea (Schneider and Kaitala, 2006). The Baltic Sea receives significant river run-off from surrounding land (a total of approximately 15 000 m 3 s −1 (Bergstrom, 1994) and net precipitation of approximately 1500 m 3 s −1 (Omstedt et al, 2004)). This large freshwater addition brings large amounts of nutrients and inorganic and organic carbon to the Baltic Sea basin (Omstedt et al, 2004;Hjalmarsson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing the sea surface CO2 of the Baltic Sea using the SOMLO methodology

2015

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Abstract. Studies of coastal seas in Europe have noted the high variability of the CO 2 system. This high variability, generated by the complex mechanisms driving the CO 2 fluxes, complicates the accurate estimation of these mechanisms. This is particularly pronounced in the Baltic Sea, where the mechanisms driving the fluxes have not been characterized in as much detail as in the open oceans. In addition, the joint availability of in situ measurements of CO 2 and of seasurface satellite data is limited in the area. In this paper, we used the SOMLO (self-organizing multiple linear output; Sasse et al., 2013) methodology, which combines two existing methods (i.e. self-organizing maps and multiple linear regression) to estimate the ocean surface partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) in the Baltic Sea from the remotely sensed sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, coloured dissolved organic matter, net primary production, and mixed-layer depth. The outputs of this research have a horizontal resolution of 4 km and cover the 1998-2011 period. These outputs give a monthly map of the Baltic Sea at a very fine spatial resolution. The reconstructed pCO 2 values over the validation data set have a correlation of 0.93 with the in situ measurements and a root mean square error of 36 µatm. Removing any of the satellite parameters degraded this reconstructed CO 2 flux, so we chose to supply any missing data using statistical imputation. The pCO 2 maps produced using this method also provide a confidence level of the reconstruction at each grid point. The results obtained are encouraging given the sparsity of available data, and we expect to be able to produce even more accurate reconstructions in coming years, given the predicted acquisition of new data.

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“…1 and 2). Using the results of experimental work performed at the Institute of Oceanology PAS and literature data (Thomas and Schneider, 1999;Omstedt et al, 2004;Lass and Matthäus, 2008;Prowe et al, 2009), it was found that temporal resolutions of the variables should be finer than one week for concentrations of carbon species, and one day for water volumes and directions. Hence, three latitudinal transects in the Danish Straits were selected, for which hydrological data were supplied from the DMI-BSHcmod three-dimensional (3-D) ocean circulation model, which is the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) operational model.…”

Section: Carbon Exchange Between the Baltic Sea And The North Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon budget of the Baltic Sea

Kuliński

Pempkowiak

2011

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Baltic Sea carbon budget. The Baltic Sea is very much influenced by terrestrial carbon input. Rivers are the largest carbon source, and their input amounts to 10.90 Tg C yr −1 (Tg = 10 12 g) with a 37.5 % contribution of organic carbon. On the other hand, carbon is effectively exported from the Baltic to the North Sea (7.67 Tg C yr −1 ) and is also buried in bottom sediments (2.73 Tg C yr −1 ). The other sources and sinks of carbon are of minor importance. The net CO 2 emission (1.05 Tg C yr −1 ) from the Baltic to the atmosphere was calculated as the closing term of the carbon budget presented here. There is a net loss of organic carbon, which indicates that the Baltic Sea is heterotrophic.

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Knowledge of the Baltic Sea physics gained during the BALTEX and related programmes

Cited by 98 publications

References 118 publications

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

Remote sensing the sea surface CO<sub>2</sub> of the Baltic Sea using the SOMLO methodology

The carbon budget of the Baltic Sea

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Knowledge of the Baltic Sea physics gained during the BALTEX and related programmes

Cited by 98 publications

References 118 publications

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange in the Baltic Sea

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange in the Baltic Sea

Remote sensing the sea surface CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; of the Baltic Sea using the SOMLO methodology

The carbon budget of the Baltic Sea

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Product

Resources

About

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

The potential of using remote sensing data to estimate air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in the Baltic Sea

Remote sensing the sea surface CO<sub>2</sub> of the Baltic Sea using the SOMLO methodology