Knowledge on HIV postexposure prophylaxis and associated factors among healthcare workers in the Kigoma Region, Tanzania

Abstract

Background HIV infection remains a major public health challenge globally. Healthcare workers are at a potential risk, and hence, adequate knowledge on HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is imperative to prevent HIV infection postexposure to blood and body fluids. To break the chain of infection after potential exposures, extensive case management with HIV PEP is required to minimize chances of acquisition of the infection. Aim The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge on HIV PEP and associated factors among health care workers in the Kigoma Region, Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 377 health care workers at Maweni Hospital, Kibondo District Hospital and Kasulu Town Council Hospital from November to December 2022. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 23.0. Adequate knowledge was defined as an overall score of 50% and above. A bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables and determine the strength of the association between independent and dependent variables, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 377 study participants, the majority 234 (62.1%) had adequate knowledge of HIV PEP. Health care workers from Kasulu District Hospital were more likely to have adequate knowledge on HIV PEP (AOR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.02–8.73) than health care workers from other health facilities. Almost 4-fold increased odds of having adequate knowledge on HIV PEP were observed among health care workers from facilities with HIV PEP services (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.41–6.29). Conclusion A significant proportion of study participants had adequate knowledge of HIV PEP. Working in Kasulu District Hospital and in facilities with HIV PEP service was associated with adequate knowledge on HIV PEP. Therefore, healthcare authorities in the Kigoma region should strengthen the implementation of formal HIV PEP. trainings, 24-hour HIV PEP service, and dissemination of updated information education communication materials alongside protocol guidelines to improve the overall adequate knowledge of health care workers in all health care facilities.