Koi herpesvirus disease outbreak: Input for the implementation of a surveillance program in South Tyrol – Italy

Self Cite

Mortality in wild fish populations represents a challenging issue for public fish health inspectors. When a single fish species is involved, an infective aetiology is frequently suspected, with focus on viral notifiable diseases. However, other viral agents not subjected to regulation and causing mortality in common carp have been reported such as carp edema virus (CEV). In mid‐June 2020, a severe common carp mortality was observed in an artificial lake in north‐east of Italy. Sleepy fish were noted some days before the beginning of the mortality itself, which lasted several days and involved over 340 adult specimens. During the outbreak, water temperature was around 15°C, water quality was normal, and no adverse meteorological events were reported in the area. Four specimens, which showed severe cutaneous hyperaemia and increased mucus production on skin and gills, were tested by bacteriological methods and virological analysis targeting the main carp pathogens. Molecular analysis performed on gills, kidney and brains from all the fish analysed resulted positive for CEV, which, based on anamnestic information and laboratory findings, was considered the responsible for the mortality event herein described.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carp edema virus‐related mortality in wild adult common carp (cyprinus carpio) in Italy

Marsella

Pretto

Abbadi

et al. 2021

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“…At present, CyHV‐3 has been spread across wide geographical areas. Recently, KHVD has also occurred in Vietnam and Iran where have never been detected before, suggesting that this devastating disease is highly transmissible (Colorio et al., 2020; Dong et al., 2013; Kempter & Bergmann, 2007; Li, Macdonald, & von Stetten, 2019; Li, Wang, et al., 2019 & Murwantoko., 2009). CyHV‐3 is an aquatic herpesvirus and only infects common carp and koi (Bergmann et al., 2020; Yi et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and RPA combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays for the rapid and sensitive detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3

Li,

et al. 2024

In this issue, we established rapid, cost‐effective, and simple detection methods including recombines polymerase amplification with lateral flow dipstick (RPA‐LFD) and real‐time RPA for cyprinid herpesvirus 3(CyHV‐3), and evaluated their sensitivity, specificity, and applicability, the real‐time RPA method could achieve sensitive diagnosis of CyHV‐3 within 1.3 copies per reaction, respectively. The real‐time RPA method is 10‐fold more sensitive than RPA‐LFD method. The exact number of CyHV‐3 can be calculated in each sample by real‐time RPA. The sera from koi also can be tested in these methods. In addition, no cross‐reaction was observed with other related pathogens, including carp oedema virus (CEV), spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), cyprinid herpesvirus 1(CyHV‐1), cyprinid herpesvirus 2(CyHV‐2), type I grass carp reovirus (GCRV‐I), type II GCRV (GCRV‐II), type III GCRV (GCRV‐III), and Aeromonas hydrophila.

“…The occurrence of CyHV‐3 was first reported in Israel and Germany in 1998 (Bretzinger et al., 1999). Since then, this virus has been reported in Europe, South Africa, the United States, Canada and Asia (Colorio et al., 2020; Haenen et al., 2004). In Asia, the occurrence of CyHV‐3 has been reported in Korea (Oh et al., 2001), Taiwan (Tu et al., 2004), Japan (Sano et al., 2004), Indonesia (Sunarto et al., 2005), Thailand (Pikulkaew et al., 2009), China (Dong et al., 2011) and recently in Iraq (Ababneh et al., 2020) and Mexico (Torres‐Meza et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report on the occurrence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) in India

Badhusha

Ahmed

Suryakodi

et al. 2022

This study reports the occurrence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) for the first time in India. The koi carp, with clinical signs of ulcer with haemorrhage on body surface, necrosis of fin and discolouration of gill associated with huge mortality, were observed in aquarium shops, rearing tanks and grow-out ponds located in Chennai, India. The PCR assay carried out on infected fish samples using different primer sets specific to CyHV-3 confirmed its presence in the infected fish. Sequence analysis of partial thymidine kinase gene revealed 100% similarity with the sequence of CyHV-3 available in GenBank. Cell lines of koi carp and catla were found to be susceptible to CyHV-3 and its replication was confirmed by viral-specific cytopathic effect, PCR and bioassay. The CyHV-3 infection was reproduced by intramuscular injection of inoculum prepared from CyHV-3-infected fish to satisfy Koch's postulates. Tissue tropism of CyHV-3 in infected fish by PCR assay revealed the presence of CyHV-3 in all vital organs with prominent band in gill and gut tissue.