Kolaviron, a Garcinia biflavonoid complex ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated hepatic injury in rats via suppression of inflammatory responses

Ayepola, Omolola Rebecca; Chegou, Novel N.; Brooks, Nicole L; Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi Omoniyi

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-363

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These free radicals activate different signaling pathways, which leads to transcriptional genes related to diabetic complications; activation of nuclear factor kappa B results in induction of proinflammatory proteins, also observed in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) [7]. In this review, we aimed to describe the behavior of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in DPN of type 2 DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function

Román-Pintos

Villegas-Rivera

Rodríguez-Carrizález

et al. 2016

Journal of Diabetes Research

186

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is defined as peripheral nerve dysfunction. There are three main alterations involved in the pathologic changes of DPN: inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inflammation induces activation of nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia is mediated by several identified pathways: polyol, hexosamine, protein kinase C, advanced glycosylation end-products, and glycolysis. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction accounts for most of the production of reactive oxygen and nitrosative species. These free radicals cause lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and nucleic acid damage, to finally induce axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. The prevalence of DPN ranges from 2.4% to 78.8% worldwide, depending on the diagnostic method and the population assessed (hospital-based or outpatients). Risk factors include age, male gender, duration of diabetes, uncontrolled glycaemia, height, overweight and obesity, and insulin treatment. Several diagnostic methods have been developed, and composite scores combined with nerve conduction studies are the most reliable to identify early DPN. Treatment should be directed to improve etiologic factors besides reducing symptoms; several approaches have been evaluated to reduce neuropathic impairments and improve nerve conduction, such as oral antidiabetics, statins, and antioxidants (alpha-lipoic acid, ubiquinone, and flavonoids).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function

Román-Pintos

Villegas-Rivera

Rodríguez-Carrizález

et al. 2016

Journal of Diabetes Research

186

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Polyphenols and their metabolites in Garcinia plants are known to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Of these polyphenols, kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola, and garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative isolated from Garcinia indica, have been applied to animal models to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects (26)(27)(28)(29). Garcinia subelliptica (G. subelliptica) is a Garcinia species that is distributed widely from Okinawa Island in Japan to Thailand, and contains secondary polyphenolic metabolites which are known to exert anti-inflammatory effects (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages

Cho

2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Garcinia plants have been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as skin infections and pain, in many regions including South‑East Asia. Garcinia subelliptica, a plant of the Garcinia species widely distributed from Japan to Thailand, has been reported to contain components similar to other Garcinia plants that exhibit anti‑inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to explore the anti‑inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of Garcinia subelliptica (EGS) in macrophages, as there are no previous systemic studies that have investigated the effects of Garcinia subelliptica on inflammation. Non‑cytotoxic concentrations of EGS (≤200 µg/ml) were observed to reduce nitric oxide production by modulating iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The expression of cyclooxygenase‑2, the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandin E2, was notably reduced by EGS. EGS treatment inhibited the production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including IL‑6 and IL‑1β, however, not TNF‑α. Reduced production of inflammatory mediators by EGS was followed by reduced phosphorylation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) however, not of other mitogen‑activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‑κB. These results indicate that EGS selectively inhibits the excessive production of inflammatory mediators in LPS‑stimulated murine macrophages by reducing the activation of JNK, suggesting that EGS is a candidate for modulating severe inflammation.

show abstract

“…However, it inhibited the IL-6 production, and probably via inhibition of ERK1/2, p38, Akt, p-c-JUN, and JNK signaling pathways. 97,98 Also an epicatechin trimer, procyanidin C1, inhibited LPS-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling through TLR4 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. 99 Other associations of flavonoids have been studied.…”

Section: Modulation Of Transcription Factors-gene Expression-by Flavomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, in a recent study, a biflavonoid, kolaviron, tested in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, showed no inhibition on LPS‐induced production of IL‐1α, IL‐33, IL‐1β, IFNβ1‐1, and TNF‐α. However, it inhibited the IL‐6 production, and probably via inhibition of ERK1/2, p38, Akt, p‐c‐JUN, and JNK signaling pathways . Also an epicatechin trimer, procyanidin C1, inhibited LPS‐induced MAPK and NF‐κB signaling through TLR4 in RAW 264.7 macrophages .…”

Section: Inflammatory Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids

Ribeiro

Freitas

Lima

et al. 2015

Medicinal Research Reviews

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammation is a natural, carefully orchestrated response of the organism to tissue damage, involving various signaling systems and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. These cells are stimulated to release a myriad of mediators that amplify the inflammatory response and recruit additional cells. These mediators present numerous redundancies of functions, allowing a broad and effective inflammatory response, but simultaneously make the understanding of inflammation pathways much difficult. The extent of the inflammatory response is usually self-limited, although it depends on the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. When that equilibrium is dislocated, a more widespread inflammatory response may take place. Flavonoids have been shown to be possible alternatives to the traditionally molecules used as anti-inflammatory agents. In fact, the biological activities of flavonoids include the modulation of the diverse phases of inflammatory processes, from the gene transcription and expression to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities and the scavenging of the reactive species. In the present review, the inflammatory network is widely revised and the flavonoids' broad spectrum of action in many of the analyzed inflammatory pathways is revised. This kind of integrated revision is original in the field, providing the reader the simultaneous comprehension of the inflammatory process and the potential beneficial activities of flavonoids.

show abstract

Kolaviron, a Garcinia biflavonoid complex ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated hepatic injury in rats via suppression of inflammatory responses

Cited by 54 publications

References 58 publications

Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function

Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function

c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages

Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About