Korotkoff sounds dynamically reflect changes in cardiac function based on deep learning methods

Abstract

Korotkoff sounds (K-sounds) have been around for over 100 years and are considered the gold standard for blood pressure (BP) measurement. K-sounds are also unique for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, their efficacy is limited. The incidences of heart failure (HF) are increasing, which necessitate the development of a rapid and convenient pre-hospital screening method. In this review, we propose a deep learning (DL) method and the possibility of using K-methods to predict cardiac function changes for the detection of cardiac dysfunctions.

B3X: a novel efficient algorithm for accurate automated auscultatory blood pressure estimation

“…An inflatable cuff is wrapped around the subject's upper arm at the level of the heart. A stethoscope is placed over the artery for auscultation of Korotkoff sounds, while pressure readings are acquired by means of a manometer (Drzewiecki et al 1989, Hutchins 2015, Lin et al 2022, Liu et al 2022b. The cuff is inflated above the SBP, thus causing the occlusion of the brachial artery.…”

“…However, manual NIBP measurement via auscultation is not a trivial task. The physiological mechanisms underlying the generation of Korotkoff sounds are not yet fully understood, although several theories and empirical models have been proposed as possible explanations (McCutcheon and Rushmer 1967, Drzewiecki et al 1989, Campbell et al 2022, Lin et al 2022. During cuff deflation, five distinct phases of Korotkoff sounds can be recognized: appearance, softening, sharpening, muffling and disappearance.…”

Perancangan Alat Tekanan Darah Otomatis secara Berkala menggunakan Sensor MPX5050DP untuk Pasien Hipertensi

“…Dengan cara ini, tekanan manset diisi hingga melebihi tekanan sistolik darah, menyebabkan pembuluh arteri terjepit sehingga aliran darah berhenti seperti yang terlihat pada gambar 2. Dengan perlahan mengurangi tekanan manset, saat aliran darah kembali dan suara denyut nadi terdengar melalui stetoskop (fase Korotkoff) seperti pada gambar 3, bacaan tekanan pada manometer ketika suara denyut pertama terdeteksi menunjukkan tekanan darah sistolik [11]. Terus mengurangi tekanan manset hingga suara denyut nadi hilang sepenuhnya memungkinkan bacaan pada saat itu mengindikasikan tekanan darah diastolik.…”