Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)

Sethi, Roopa; Hoàng, Nguyễn Huy; Ravishankar, Dheepthi Arakonam; McCracken, Megan; Manzardo, Ann M.

doi:10.4088/pcc.19nr02507

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Mitragyna speciosa, auch bekannt als Kratom, ist eine in Südostasien beheimatete Pflanze aus der Familie der Kaffeegewächse 1 2 . Kratom wird als Tee aufbereitet, ist aber auch als Kapseln, Tabletten, Kaugummi und Pulver erhältlich 2 3 . Das Wirkprofil von Kratom basiert auf einer Kombination mehrerer psychoaktiver Alkaloide 2 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Das Wirkprofil von Kratom basiert auf einer Kombination mehrerer psychoaktiver Alkaloide 2 . Die psychoaktiven Eigenschaften werden hauptsächlich Mitragynin und 7-Hydroxy-Mitragynin zugeschrieben 2 3 4 . Mitragyna-Alkaloide sind partielle Agonisten am mu-Opioidrezeptor 4 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Mitragyna-Alkaloide sind partielle Agonisten am mu-Opioidrezeptor 4 . Konsumiert wird Kratom zur Reduktion von Schmerzen aber auch als preiswerte, leicht zugängliche Alternative zu Opiaten 1 3 4 . Auch stimulierende Eigenschaften werden beschrieben 2 , sodass teils ein Nutzen für die Behandlung von Depressionen, Ängsten und Psychosen diskutiert wird 1 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Eine ambulante Entzugsbehandlung von Kratom bei sozialer Phobie: psychotherapeutische Praxis trifft suchtpsychiatrische Institutsambulanz

2022

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Zusammenarbeit Hintergrund Weltweit wird von einer Zunahme des Konsums von Kratom berichtet. In Deutschland nicht als illegal eingestuft sind Wirkprofil und Entzugssymptomatik ähnlich wie bei Opiaten. Material und Methoden Ein Patient stellte sich zur Behandlung seiner sozialen Phobie in einer niedergelassenen psychotherapeutischen Praxis vor. Ein problematischer Konsum von Kratom wurde offengelegt, die Behandlungsplanung entsprechend angepasst. Ergebnisse Die körperliche Entzugsbehandlung wurde in Kooperation von der psychiatrischen Institutsambulanz und der psychotherapeutischen Praxis gemeinsam durchgeführt. Abstinenzsicherung und Behandlung der sozialen Phobie sind nun anstehende Ziele in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis. Diskussion Der Konsum von Kratom ist verbreiteter als augenscheinlich angenommen. Eine Entgiftung kann ambulant durchgeführt werden. Schlussfolgerungen Der Fall unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer ausführlichen Suchtanamnese, vor allem aber der einzelfallbezogenen Kooperation der Niedergelassenen mit den psychiatrischen Kliniken.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

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Eine ambulante Entzugsbehandlung von Kratom bei sozialer Phobie: psychotherapeutische Praxis trifft suchtpsychiatrische Institutsambulanz

2022

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“…US poison centers received 660 calls about reported exposure to kratom [ 5 ]. Kratom is not part of the routine drug screening and hence often goes undetected; even with specialized testing, it can take up to two weeks to obtain results [ 6 ]. It is crucial to recognize the drug's presentation and be vigilant despite a negative drug screen in the appropriate clinical setting as kratom overdose can be lethal as evident from severe hepatic injury, renal failure, and cardiotoxicity that ensues [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheating Death: A Rare Case Presentation of Kratom Toxicity

Patel¹,

Aknouk²,

Keating³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Kratom is a psychoactive herb that has been gaining widespread popularity due to its ease of availability and opiate-like effects. While it has been used beneficially as a method of weaning off opiate addictions, it does have a host of toxic effects when misused or abused. There has been a wide spectrum of negative effects including renal failure, liver failure, and cardiac toxicity. While some adverse effects have been reversed with medical intervention, others left more of a detrimental long-term impact not amenable to even the most invasive therapies. We present the case of a patient who was admitted to the intensive care unit after presenting with unresponsiveness secondary to a cerebrovascular accident, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure. The patient had begun using kratom, initially for recreational purposes, and later escalating it to abusive doses. The patient survived the episode after suffering many complications including transient reversible nonischemic cardiomyopathy and was discharged in a neurologically stable state; however, he ended up being hemodialysis-dependent at such an early age. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication of this herb that has not been well documented.

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“…Among polydrug users and those with a history of SUD, kratom has also been consumed as a means of reducing use of or abstaining from dangerous prescription opioids and heroin (9,10). Adverse effects of kratom use have been reported in several cases of polydrug use with opioids, benzodiazepines, and acetaminophen primarily resulting in seizures, hepatotoxicity, and gastrointestinal symptoms (11). Polydrug exposure involving kratom increases the odds ratio of more serious adverse events occurring, including admittance to a healthcare facility and occurrence of more serious medical outcomes such as hepatic damage and death (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Supply and Use

et al. 2020

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Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Rubiaceae) is native to and has traditional use in Southeast Asia. The number of kratom users outside of Southeast Asia has increased significantly in recent decades with use spreading to the Unites States (US) and Europe. Because of its reputed opioid-like psychoactive effects at higher doses, kratom has been regulated in several countries and is subject to an import ban by the US Food and Drug Administration. Nonetheless, in the US it is estimated that 10–15 million people consume kratom primarily for the self-treatment of pain, psychiatric disorders, to mitigate withdrawal from or dependence on opioids, and to self-treat opioid use disorder or other substance use disorders (SUDs). Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, a shortage in the supply of kratom products may place unexpected burdens on kratom users, potentially influencing some who use kratom for SUD self-treatment to regress to harmful drug use, hence increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes, including overdose. Inadequate treatment, treatment barriers, and increases in the sales of adulterated kratom products on the internet or in convenience stores could exacerbate circumstances further. Although there are currently no verified indications of kratom scarcity, researchers and clinicians should be aware of and remain vigilant to this unanticipated possibility.

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Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)

Cited by 19 publications

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Eine ambulante Entzugsbehandlung von Kratom bei sozialer Phobie: psychotherapeutische Praxis trifft suchtpsychiatrische Institutsambulanz

Eine ambulante Entzugsbehandlung von Kratom bei sozialer Phobie: psychotherapeutische Praxis trifft suchtpsychiatrische Institutsambulanz

Cheating Death: A Rare Case Presentation of Kratom Toxicity

Current and Future Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Supply and Use

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