La accesibilidad individual como elemento de evaluación de los planes de transporte en la comunidad de Madrid/España

Abstract

La sociedad actual demanda una mayor capacidad de intercambio a todos los niveles. Para satisfacer esa demanda se necesitan más y mejores infraestructuras de transporte. Como las inversiones que exigen son muy elevadas, no pueden llevarse a cabo todas las propuestas. Hay, por tanto, que retrasar o desechar planes que resultan necesarios, e incluso urgentes para muchos, ante las limitaciones presupuestarias. Surge así un problema de toma de decisiones. En el presente trabajo se propone un algoritmo de accesibilidad que permite cuantificar el grado de mejora que percibe el usuario al construir una nueva carretera. Se aplica a la evaluación de tres planes de transporte que han sido propuestos para resolver las difíciles condiciones de circulación del Área Metropolitana Madrileña. De este modo puede establecerse un método para optimizar el empleo de las dotaciones presupuestarias y, al mismo tiempo, evaluar los beneficios que se derivarán para el usuario. Los resultados confirman las posibilidades del método. Se calculan los niveles de accesibilidad en el caso general (todos los motivos de viaje) y en el caso de los desplazamientos por motivos de trabajo. Los resultados permiten analizar tanto la mejora global de toda la provincia, como la de cada uno de sus munipios. Asimismo permite identificar los beneficios regionales. SUMMARY Society today presents a demand for greater interchange on al I levéis. To satisfy this demand we need more and better transport infrastructures. As this requires a high degree of investment, not all proposals can be carried out. Plans proven to be necesary and aven urgen t for same peo pie have therefore to be postponed or rejected in the face of budgetary limitations. This probiem is solved by a decision-making procesa. This study proposes a accessibility indicator which allows us to quantify the degree of improvement benefitting the user when a new highway is built. The formula is applied to three transport plans which have been put forward as solutions to the difficult trafile conditions in the metropolitan área of Madrid. This enables us to establish a method for maximizing use of the available budget and at the same time to evalúate the user's benefit. The results confirm the val id i ty of the method. It's calculated the degree of general accessibility (for all motives for travelling) and the degree of accessibility for journeys to work. The results permit an analysis both of overall improvement in the whole province and in each municipality thereof. In this way we can determine regional benefits of each project. EL PAPEL DE LOS INDICADORES DE ACCESIBILIDAD EN LA ORDENACIÓN URBANA Y DEL TRANSPORTE Cada vez es más patente que la sociedad actual demande más posibilidades de interrelación, y para ello se necesita una red de transporte que vertebre el sistema territorial a todos los niveles: interurbano, intra e interregional, e internacional. Sin una adecuada red de transportes, íntimamente ligada a los planes de orde-nación del suelo, no es posible lograr un desarrollo armónico de las ...

Evaluation based on territorial accessibility of the immediate road intervention in the municipality of Quibdo, Colombia

“…This is why it is possible to affirm that the linkage of the accessibility within the investigation, as tool of valuation of the interventions proposed by the municipal administration, is a good option. Some applications of accessibility from other fields of science are: land uses and transport [9,10,12,14,23], commerce [13,24], access to services [5,22], transport networks [19], public transport [9,15], social exclusion [4,20].…”

Savings gradient as an evaluation tool in the implementation of long term road interventions. Case study: Quibdo, Colombia

“…Other ways of observing accessibility focus on the perception of the term as a "measure" of the ease with which a citizen can access destinations or opportunities [6,25], depending on the mode of transport used [18], the activity to be performed and the existing limitations [10,24]. In this way, three main components can be assumed when addressing accessibility: the "origin", which represents the users of the system on a starting point; the "destination", the place or point of high attraction for mobilization; and the "trajectory", which indicates the best way to take to access the destination [16]. Additionally, it can be inferred that by means of these elements numerous types of analysis can be developed as well as factors of affectation [12,15,23].…”

Plan of intervention in the transport infrastructure network as a measure of heritage conservation. Case study: La Camelia ropeway station and tower of Herveo-Manizales, Colombia

“…Currently, the concept has various approaches, including: (i) infrastructure, (ii) location; (iii) land uses; and (iv) a mixture of these [4,19]. There are examples of the application of such approaches in various fields of science: access to opportunities or services [33,6], social exclusion [4 28], transportation planning [25,13,14] sustainability [31,11], among others. Based on the existing literature, the term is defined as «the ease with which the members of a population can access, through different modes of transport, the different opportunities or services offered in the city, subject to the physical limitations present in the system».…”

“…Accessibility includes citizen interaction and its environment; however, the different components or actors involved must be differentiated (origin, destination and journey). According to Monzón de Cáceres [25], «origin» can be understood as the representation of potential users of the transport network, motivated by a «destination» attractive enough to overcome the difficulty of the «journey» that separates them. Thus, it is possible to establish accessibility as a measurement tool to determine different factors affecting a territory such as mobility, transportation, land use, affordability, etc.…”