La empleabilidad a debate: ¿qué sabemos sobre la empleabilidad como estrategia de cambio social?

Abstract

Los cambios en mundo laboral derivados de la globalización y el neoliberalismo han puesto a la empleabilidad en el centro de atención del desarrollo económico y social. Sin embargo, la falta de consenso en las teorías y las dimensiones que la definen reclaman un análisis de la investigación que permita su uso como estrategia de cambio social. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática de los marcos teóricos sobre empleabilidad. Se ha realizado un análisis de 239 artículos científicos atendiendo a dos áreas temáticas: la historia del concepto y las perspectivas teóricas. Los resultados de esta revisión han permitido sistematizar y comprender las orientaciones teóricas desde las que se ha analizado la empleabilidad, las premisas que toman las diferentes teorías como punto de partida y los indicadores propuestos. A partir de todo ello, se han abierto algunas cuestiones para la reflexión de los agentes sociales vinculados a la educación, la acción social y al empleo.

Programs' Efficacy to Develop Employable Skills for People With Functional Diversity: A Meta-Analysis

“…In summary, these results contribute to encourage the research community (and practitioners in first place) to keep working in other dimensions surrounding employability such as the emotional wellbeing and overall health, as these constitute the basis to strengthen the impact of all other variables (Cavadel et al, 2017;Llinares et al, 2020aLlinares et al, , 2020b.…”

“…If we look back thirty years, work integration of people with disabilities was not even an expectation, and we are now discussing not just training for an occupation but even development of employability skills, the focus of our review. This is a step beyond occupational training, as employability embeds social and personal skills that are useful both in work and in everyday life domains (Llinares et al, 2020a).…”

Evaluating employability in contexts of change: validation of a scale

“…We agree that an integrative theoretical framework is essential for an effective evaluation of employability. For this purpose, this study is based on the bioecological model of employability ( Llinares-Insa et al, 2016 , 2020 ), one of the most integrative theoretical frameworks for studying employability. It incorporates the responsibility of society, companies, and the context into the equation that defines employability.…”

“…Employability is a meta-competence that integrates different transversal competences that make it possible to be active in the labor market ( Llinares-Insa et al, 2020 ). This approach addresses the “knowing how,” “knowing why,” and “knowing whom” ( Eby et al, 2003 ) of employability, which can be applied to the whole population and are useful for individuals and organizations.…”

“…Therefore, there is a need for a standardized and validated questionnaire. The current paper develops and validates the Employability Appraisal Scale (EAS-60), a tool based on the bio-ecological model of employability ( Llinares-Insa et al, 2016 , 2020 ) that focuses on the interaction between individuals, their circumstances, and their context. Therefore, this scale contains the individual competences as well as the personal circumstances that evolve him/her and that can influence considerably the employability, and the context as the labor market.…”