Laboratory and numerical analyses on polyurethane–scrap rubber-reinforced base layer

Abstract

Previous studies have explored using scrap rubber in constructing the ballasted track and showed tremendous potential to mitigate noise and vibration. However, its application for slab tracks has not been extensively investigated. This study intends to utilise scrap rubber in the base layer of the slab track; however, the high stress below base layer of the slab track may render its use unsuitable. The addition of scrap rubber would improve the damping performance but reduce the elastic modulus and cause excessive settlement of the track. This paper utilises an experimental programme comprising static and cyclic triaxial testing and numerical analyses to assess the suitability of four mixes, viz. mix-A (soil), mix-B (soil mixed with rubber), mix-C (polyurethane-treated soil), and mix-D (polyurethane-treated soil mixed with rubber), as a base layer in slab tracks. The laboratory investigations reveal that the best performance in terms of improved damping ratio and resilient modulus, and lowered excess pore water pressure and vertical strains are shown by mix-D. These experimental test findings were supplemented with the results from three-dimensional full-scale finite element analyses, which showed a drastic reduction in the vibration levels of the track with mix-D as a base layer instead of conventional lean-mix concrete.

Experimental and Computational Analyses of Sustainable Approaches in Railways

“…The two soil types are classified as well-graded gravel (GW) and well-graded sand (SW), following the ASTM D2487 standard [41]. More details on the material description can be found elsewhere [24,42,43].…”

“…The two soil types are classified as well-graded gravel (GW) and well-graded sand (SW), following the ASTM D2487 standard [41]. More details on the material description can be found elsewhere [24,42,43]. Static direct simple shear (SDSS) tests were conducted using a direct simple shear apparatus (Figure 4a) to determine the optimum dosage of scrap rubber granules and PFA.…”