Laboratory Experimental Study on Influencing Factors of Drainage Pipe Crystallization in Highway Tunnel in Karst Area

Li, Huaming; Liu, Shiyang; Xiong, Shuai; Leng, Hao; Chen, Huiqiang; Zhang, Bin; Liu, Zhen

doi:10.3390/coatings11121493

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The partial pressure of CO 2 has a great relationship with carbonate crystallization sedimentation, and CO 3 2 − is mainly derived from CO 2 dissolved in groundwater [ 31 ]. Liquid velocity, liquid level height, drainage pipe diameter, and the internal wall friction coefficient will also have an important impact on the precipitation crystallization rate of drainage pipes [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The precipitation of calcium carbonate depends not only on the hydraulic conductivity and CaCO 3 content of surrounding rock, but also on the properties of lining materials and the geometry of the tunnel [ 40 ].…”

Section: Construction and Analysis Of A Fault Tree Model For Blocked ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Countermeasures of Transverse Drainage Pipe in Subway Tunnel Based on Fault Tree Analysis

Liu

Zhang

2022

IJERPH

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Transverse drainage pipe, one of the main channels of groundwater behind the lining of subway tunnels, plays an important role in the safety and stability of the tunnel lining structure. For the problem of blocked transverse drainage pipe in a subway tunnel, a fault tree model of blocked transverse drainage pipe in Chongqing subway tunnel was constructed in this paper, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of fault tree was conducted, and countermeasures for maintenance of transverse drainage pipe were proposed. The study finds that, (1) the chemical type of groundwater was mainly CaHCO3; most of the groundwater is strongly alkaline with pH greater than 8; the groundwater temperature is 20 ± 3 °C; (2) the basic events of blocked transverse drainage pipe have 3 minimum cut sets, and the basic events concrete slurry enters the drainage pipe; groundwater temperature, groundwater pH value, and concentration of anions and cations in groundwater were the main fault factors of blocked transverse drainage pipe; (3) preventive maintenance of transverse drainage pipe during tunnel construction includes construction quality control of drainage pipe and application of anti-crystallized blocking drainage pipe; preventive maintenance of transverse drainage pipe during tunnel operation includes monitoring of groundwater ion concentration, pH, and temperature; and maintenance treatment of transverse drainage pipe during tunnel operation includes physical treatment techniques, such as ultrasonic resonance, and chemical treatment techniques, such as acid-base neutralization reaction. The results of the study have certain guiding significance for the design, construction, and operation of transverse drainage pipe in subway tunnels.

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Section: Construction and Analysis Of A Fault Tree Model For Blocked ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Countermeasures of Transverse Drainage Pipe in Subway Tunnel Based on Fault Tree Analysis

Liu

Zhang

2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…The results show that the crystallisation rate of karst water is mainly influenced by the roughness of the pipe wall and, to a lesser extent, the slope of the pipe. Li et al 14 studied the effects of groundwater flow rate, drainage pipe diameter, drainage pipe material and structure on the crystallisation pattern of tunnel drainage pipes in karst areas through indoor model tests and achieved significant conclusions. Eichinger et al 15 found that Ca (OH) 2 is readily soluble in water and analysed the factors responsible for pipe blockages, focusing on the effect of CaCO 3 on pipe blockages, showing that a small number of ettringite precipitates at high pH and in saturated solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the crystallisation formation mechanism and breakage of tunnel drainage system in dolomite area

Chen

Rao

Tao

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Dolomite is a soluble salt rock, and in dolomite locations, tunnel drainage systems are frequently clogged by crystallisation, resulting in tunnel leaks. This research starts with a field survey to investigate the environmental conditions that influence crystal formation and sample collection. Afterward, the crystals underwent examination using EDS, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD, which enabled the analysis of crystals' elemental composition, matter composition and microstructure. Finally, a measure for crystal removal using ultrasound is proposed. The feasibility of ultrasonic crystal removal was verified by the indoor model experiment. The results show that the crystals contain mainly metallic elements such as Ca, Mg and Al. The main component of the crystals is CaCO3. The crystals also contain small amounts of Mg (OH)2, Al (OH)2 and CaAl2(SO4)3(OH)2‐26H2O. As the ultrasonic frequency increases, the de‐crystallisation effect becomes more pronounced. At ultrasonic frequencies greater than 50 kHz, the growth in crystal break‐up efficiency tends to level off. Therefore, the ultrasonic frequency based on this parameter will be used to remove the crystals.

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“…Over the past decade, China has made many technological breakthroughs in tunnel construction, making it a tunnel powerhouse [1]. The construction and operation of tunnels lead to crystal blockage of tunnel drainage pipes (such as Chongqing [2], Yunnan [3], Sichuan [4], and Guizhou (Figure 1). After crystal blockage takes place in drainage pipes, the groundwater around the lining cannot be discharged from the tunnel in time, resulting in a number of defects such as increased water pressure in the lining, lining cracking and leakage, water overflow in the tunnel [5,6], severely threatening tunnel lining and operation safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Research on Drainage Structure of Highway Tunnel Based on Reducing the Risk of Crystallization Blockage

et al. 2022

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Crystal blockages of tunnel drainage systems severely undermine the tunnel lining structure and operation safety. In order to reduce the risk of crystal blockages of tunnel drainage systems, the distribution of highway tunnel defects was identified through a field survey, indoor test, and literature analysis, and an optimization method of tunnel drainage structures was proposed. The research suggested the following: (1) Lining water leakage and construction joint water leakage were the most common defects in the tunnel drainage system of Renhua–Xinfeng Expressway and Yingde–Huaiji Expressway in Guangdong Province, accounting for 60% and 32% of total defects, respectively. The number of defects that occurred in the drainage system of the tunnel was larger in the granite formation, with the number of road seepage and inspection chamber crystallization incidents reaching 2.5/km and 2.8/km, respectively. (2) The groundwater was mainly alkaline with a pH value of 8~12, Ca2+ (107 mg/L) was the cation with the largest ion concentration, and HCO3− (165 mg/L) was the anion with the largest ion concentration. The crystals in the tunnel drainage system were predominantly square, spindle, and rhombic calcite and aragonite composed of CaCO3, mixed with a small amount of sediment. (3) To reduce the risk of crystal blockages of the tunnel drainage system and ensure tunnel lining structure safety, a threefold optimization measure was proposed, namely, setting one-directional drainage pipes between the cable trench and the roadside blind drainage ditch, applying “π” type anti-crystallization drainage water-stop belts at the circular construction joints in the secondary lining, and both increasing the slope of the transverse drainage pipe and using an anti-crystallization drainage pipe. The research results will play an important role in guiding the design, construction, and maintenance of highway tunnel drainage systems in China.

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Laboratory Experimental Study on Influencing Factors of Drainage Pipe Crystallization in Highway Tunnel in Karst Area

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Countermeasures of Transverse Drainage Pipe in Subway Tunnel Based on Fault Tree Analysis

Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Countermeasures of Transverse Drainage Pipe in Subway Tunnel Based on Fault Tree Analysis

Study on the crystallisation formation mechanism and breakage of tunnel drainage system in dolomite area

Exploratory Research on Drainage Structure of Highway Tunnel Based on Reducing the Risk of Crystallization Blockage

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