Laboratory studies on the competition for insect haemocoel between<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>and<i>Steinernema ichnusae</i>recovered in the same ecological niche

Tarasco, Eustachio; Álvarez, Cándido Santiago; Triggiani, Oreste; Quesada‐Moraga, Enrique

doi:10.1080/09583157.2011.570428

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Antagonistic interactions were also present in studies by Tarasco et al (2011), competition for survival space in the host’s hemocoel and food resources was evident revealing that Xenorhabdus bovienii and B. bassiana are antagonistic; this interaction occurs because the nematode is considered more virulent. The nematode achieves faster colonization because of its active dispersion; it enters the larvae within 24 h, whereas the fungi take 2–3 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The growth inhibition percentage of B. bassiana Bb9205 and M. anisopliae Ma9236 was 48 and 30%, respectively; these are considered low when compared to percentages obtained by Tarasco et al (2011) who suggest that inhibition ranges exceeding 60% are caused by highly virulent strains. Ansari et al (2005) performed antagonism tests, where P. luminescens were antagonistic to M. anisopliae , B. bassiana , B. brongniartii , and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus by inhibiting the growth and production of conidia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The nematode achieves faster colonization because of its active dispersion; it enters the larvae within 24 h, whereas the fungi take 2–3 days. It should be noted that, once the fungus penetrates the host, the bacterial symbiont is in its exponential phase producing primary and secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity (Molina et al 2007; Tarasco et al 2011). Unlike the data obtained here, Molina et al (2007) and Ansari et al (2008) show that it is possible to establish positive interactions, possibly synergistic or additive, by applying entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes such as M. anisopliae and H. bacteriophora at the same time or in short intervals of 2 days, with other pests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ansari et al (2004, 2008) suggest that, in positive interactions, nematodes must be added after the fungi. These intervals should be determined according to the host as production of antimicrobials by symbiotic bacteria which can affect the fungi, due to the slower development and secondary metabolites production of fungi (Tarasco et al 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ansari et al (2004, 2008), Koppenhöfer and Grewal (2005) and Tarasco et al (2011) cite that combinations between entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi can generate interactions such as synergism that increase pest mortality, antagonism in which a biological control agent inhibits another by competing for space and resources, and additivity when they act independently of each other. To date, these interactions have not been elucidated in P. xylostella ; therefore determining the relationships between the studied fungal and nematode strains is essential to understand these microorganisms behavior in the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro interaction of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 and Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 for the control of Plutella xylostella

2016

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The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a major pest of broccoli crops in Colombia. To control P. xylostella, we evaluated the interaction of Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 and Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 and its bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens HNI0100. We used antagonism and disk diffusion assays with fungal extracts to test the interaction between symbiotic bacterium and fungi. P. luminescens inhibited the growth of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae up to 40% by the secretion of secondary metabolites, whereas fungal extracts did not inhibit P. luminescens; this explains the in vivo interactions of these biological control agents. To test the interaction between fungi and nematodes, we first inoculated the fungi followed by the nematodes on different days (0, 2, 4, and 6). We identified the type of interaction using the formula by Nishimatsu and Jackson (J Econ Entomol 91:410–418, 1998) and established that on days 0, 2 and 4 there was an antagonistic interaction, while a synergistic interaction occurred on day 6. Therefore, the use of the interaction between H. bacteriophora HNI0100 with M. anisopliae Ma9236 and B. bassiana Bb9205 is an innovative alternative for the control of P. xylostella.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro interaction of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 and Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 for the control of Plutella xylostella

2016

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Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi against fruit flies, Bactrocera zonata and B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): laboratory cups to field study

Wakil

Usman

Piñero

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, and the Oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), are economically important fruit fly species in various regions of the world. We evaluated the effects of separate and combined applications of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (WG-18) and Metarhizium anisopliae (WG-02), and the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (VS strain) and Steinernema carpocapsae (ALL strain) against larvae, pupae and pharate adults, of B. zonata and B. dorsalis under laboratory, glasshouse and field cage conditions. RESULTS: Combined applications of EPF and EPNs produced greater mortality than individual treatments under all conditions. Against both species, the combination of B. bassiana and H. bacteriophora consistently exerted strong effects that were similar to the combined application of B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae whereas M. anisopliae applied with S. carpocapsae was least effective in all combinations. In a laboratory bioassay, synergistic interactions were detected between B. bassiana and H. bacteriophora applied against larvae and pharate adults of both fly species, between B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae against larvae of both species and pharate adults of B. zonata, and between M. anisopliae and H. bacteriophora against B. zonata larvae. Other combined treatments resulted in additive effects, especially against fly pupae. In a potted soil bioassay, there were only additive interactions in all combinations against different stages of both flies. The 3rd instar of both flies was more susceptible than pharate adult and pupal stages. Additive interactions between EPNs and EPF were detected in the glasshouse against 3rd instars and pupae, and under field conditions against 3rd instars of both fly species. CONCLUSION: These results indicate how particular combinations of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes could be deployed in integrated pest management of tephritid fruit flies in orchard agro-ecosystems.

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Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and spinetoram combinations for integrated management ofThrips tabaci

Wakil

Gulzar

Prager

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Two consecutive field trials using a blend of entomopathogens in combination with a new chemistry insecticide were conducted to determine treatment effects on onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) populations, crop damage, plant development, crop yield and impact on natural enemies. Products were tested in an onion cropping system and included the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (isolate WG-11), an entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (strain VS) and the new-chemistry chemical insecticide spinetoram.RESULTS: In all treatments, a significant decrease in thrips per plant population was detected in both trials. Overall, dual application of entomopathogens and insecticide was more effective than singly applied treatments. The lowest number of thrips larvae (1.96 and 3.85) and adults (0.00 and 0.00) were recorded when treated with dual application of B. bassiana and spinetoram at 7 days post application (DPA) after the second spray application in 2017and 2018, respectively. Damage on onion plants was considerably decreased in all treatments relative to the control. The lowest damage was observed on onion plants treated with B. bassiana + spinetoram at 7 DPA after the second spray application during both years. A significant decrease in the number of natural enemies (beetles, spiders, mites, lacewings, ants and bugs) on onion plants was recorded during both years. Insect pathogens when applied alone and in combination with each other considerably protected arthropod natural enemies compared to insecticide application applied alone. Significant increase in plant agronomic traits was observed compared to the control. Among all the treatments, B. bassiana + spinetoram produced maximum leaf length, leaf weight, total leaves, neck diameter, bulb diameter, number of rings per bulb, bulb weight, dry matter and plant yield following the 2017and 2018 applications, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study reveal the potential of using insect pathogens and insecticide for control of T. tabaci. However, combinations containing spinetoram are harmful to nontarget organisms, whereas biological control agents help in protecting biodiversity in onion agroecosystems.

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Laboratory studies on the competition for insect haemocoel betweenBeauveria bassianaandSteinernema ichnusaerecovered in the same ecological niche

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

In vitro interaction of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 and Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 for the control of Plutella xylostella

In vitro interaction of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 and Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 for the control of Plutella xylostella

Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi against fruit flies, Bactrocera zonata and B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): laboratory cups to field study

Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and spinetoram combinations for integrated management ofThrips tabaci

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