Laboratory Study of Fish Passage and Discharge Capacity in Slip-Lined, Baffled Culverts

Olsen, A. H.; Tullis, Blake P.

doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000697

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In some cases, the environmental impact on fish passage may affect the upstream catchment with adverse impact on the stream ecology, because the installation of road crossings can limit the longitudinal connectivity of streams for fish movement (WARREN andPARDEW 1998, BRIGG andGALAROWICZ 2013). Common fish passage barriers include excessive vertical drop at the culvert outlet (perched outlet), high velocity or inadequate flow depth within the culvert barrel, excessive turbulence, and debris accumulation at the culvert inlet (OLSEN and TULLIS 2013). The increased velocities in the barrel can produce reduced flow depths, potentially inadequate for fish passage, relative to the culvert size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative mitigation measures for fish passage in standard box culverts: Physical modelling

Wang

Uys

Chanson

2018

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

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Abstract:Road crossings and culverts are common man-made structures along river courses, ranging from national highways to rural roads and urban networks. Present expertise in culvert hydraulic design is deficient because many empirically-based guidelines are often inadequate for fish passage. This project focused on the development of simple solutions for box culverts, with the aim to maximise slow flow regions suitable for small-bodied fish passage and to minimise the reduction in discharge capacity. Herein a physical study of box culvert was performed under controlled flow conditions, and seven designs were tested. In all the cases, the turbulence of the flowing waters was used to assist with fish migration. One baffle configuration presented promising results: i.e., small corner baffles. The triangular baffle system produced little additional afflux, while creating excellent recirculations both upstream and downstream of each baffle. Another configuration was based upon a rough bed and sidewall, enhancing secondary currents and recirculation in the corner region. This resulted in flow conditions that could be potentially used to enhance small-bodied fish passage, though further experiments involving detailed fish behaviour study are required for quantitative guidelines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…214-223 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2017 (ISSN 1570-6443).. Page 2 (LARINIER 2002, OLSEN andTULLIS 2013). A recent discussion paper recommended that threedimensional analysis of culvert flows should be considered to gain an understanding of the turbulence and secondary flow motion (PAPANICOLAOU and TALEBBEYDKHTI 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative mitigation measures for fish passage in standard box culverts: Physical modelling

Wang

Uys

Chanson

2018

Journal of Hydro-environment Research

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“…Culvert barrel baffles have been reviewed extensively as an alternative to reduce excessive barrel velocities to improve fish passage (Chanson & Uys, 2016;Duguay & Lacey, 2014;Larinier, 2002;Olsen & Tullis, 2013;Rajaratnam, Katapodis, & Dodewuk, 1991). In most applications, baffles may drastically decrease the hydraulic capacity of culverts for a range of discharges (Larinier, 2002;Olsen & Tullis, 2013). A small corner baffle system tested by Cabonce et al (2017) was successful at improving upstream passage for small-bodied fish during less-than-design events.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of smooth, asymmetrically roughened, and baffled culverts for upstream passage of small‐bodied fish

Zhang

Chanson

2018

River Research & Apps

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Traditional box culvert designs lead to development of high velocity zones in the culvert barrel that often impede upstream migration of fish. Herein, three‐dimensional Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS)‐ and Large eddy simulation (LES)‐based computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) simulations were performed to compare the effectiveness of smooth, asymmetrically roughened, and corner‐baffled barrels, in creating low‐velocity zones (LVZs) and providing opportunity for upstream passage of small‐bodied fish. The results revealed distinctive benefits provided by the asymmetrically roughened and corner‐baffled barrels relative to the smooth barrel. Cross‐sectional asymmetry, corners, and obstructions are important factors that contribute to the generation of LVZs conducive to fish passage, albeit contiguity of LVZs is required, particularly for weak swimmers. The study demonstrates the adequacy and effectiveness of CFD models to complement traditional laboratory studies in understanding basic mechanisms beneficial to fish passage and to provide insights into future designs.

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“…The corner baffle is often favoured in pipe culverts where passage of a range of species is required (Armstrong et al, 2010;Barnard et al, 2013). These are weir type baffles with the crest tilted by 10-20°, leaving one culvert wall unobstructed to facilitate the downstream movement of sediment and debris (Olsen and Tullis, 2013;Barnard et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corner and sloped culvert baffles improve the upstream passage of adult European eels (Anguilla anguilla)

Newbold

Karageorgopoulos

Kemp

2014

Ecological Engineering

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Installation of baffles intended to improve fish passage through culverts can reduce discharge capacity and trap debris, increasing flood risk. A sloping upstream face may reduce this risk,but new designs must be tested for fish passage efficiency. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species, yet the suitability of even common baffle types to aid upstream movement has not been tested. This study compared the water depth, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and upstream passage performance of adult yellow-phase eels, between three 6 m long culvert models: smooth and unmodified (control); containing corner baffles (treatment 1); and with prototype sloped baffles installed (treatment 2).Passage of individual fish was assessed during 25 one-hour trials per model. Performance was quantified as entrance efficiency, number of entries per fish, passage efficiency, and overall efficiency. Total and passage delay, and successful passage time were also evaluated.Despite some individuals being able to swim against unexpectedly high water velocities (> 1.5 m s -1 for 4 m), passage performance in the control was poor, with an overall efficiency of 28%. Compared to the control, both treatments increased the mean centreline water depth by approximately 0.11 m, created heterogeneous flow conditions with low velocity resting areas, and reduced maximum velocities. As a result, entrance rate and all efficiency parameters were higher for the treatments than for the control (overall efficiency = 84%), despite longer passage delay. The TKE was slightly higher in treatment 2 than 1, but there was no difference in water depth or overall efficiency. The findings show that both corner and sloped baffles can mitigate for impeded upstream adult eel movement. The extent to which the sloping upstream face will improve debris transport should be explored further.

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Laboratory Study of Fish Passage and Discharge Capacity in Slip-Lined, Baffled Culverts

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Alternative mitigation measures for fish passage in standard box culverts: Physical modelling

Alternative mitigation measures for fish passage in standard box culverts: Physical modelling

Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of smooth, asymmetrically roughened, and baffled culverts for upstream passage of small‐bodied fish

Corner and sloped culvert baffles improve the upstream passage of adult European eels (Anguilla anguilla)

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