“…Several other applications of the CSSM framework are available in the literature. For instance, studies on effects of frictional angle, particle breakage, and deformation on the CS properties of soils (De Bono, 2018;Kang, 2019;Nie, 2022;Taiba, 2023;Wang, 2020;Yang, 2018;Yu 2017); effects of fabric anisotropy vs isotropy (Kazem, 2022;Kolapalli et al 2023;Papadimitriou, 2019;Rahman & Dafalias 2022); the role of principal stress rotation on the critical state line Kazem, 2022); the influence of polymer on the critical state of sand (Liu, 2020), and the impact of plastic and non-plastic fines on the critical state of sand (e.g., Mahmoudi et al 2018;Papadopoulou & Tika 2008Rahman & Dafalias 2022;Talamkhani & Naeini 2018). In the domain of numerical modeling of soils, the CSSM has also proved to be accurate in predicting a wide range of soil engineering characteristics.…”