Laboratory tests with Lepidoptera to assess non-target effects of Bt maize pollen: analysis of current studies and recommendations for a standardised design

Lang, Andréas; Lee, Marina S.; Dolek, Matthias; Berchtold, Julitta; Otto, Mathias

doi:10.1186/s12302-019-0220-2

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Overall, the adverse effects of Bt crops on non-target lepidopterans have been studied only in a dozen of species worldwide. Thus, due to restriction of data to such a limited number of species, it is difficult to draw general conclusions on the level of risk for butterflies and moths (Lang and Otto, 2010;Lang et al, 2019;Lang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Butterflies and Mothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopesticides and insect pollinators: Detrimental effects, outdated guidelines, and future directions

Cappa

Baracchi

Cervo

2022

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Butterflies and Mothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopesticides and insect pollinators: Detrimental effects, outdated guidelines, and future directions

Cappa

Baracchi

Cervo

2022

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The inhibitory potency of RPIs against insect pests and pathogenic infection continues to be investigated since many researchers believe that the benefits outweigh their disadvantages. Other unintended effects of RPIs include their (Abbas, 2018;Lang et al, 2019;Dang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Environmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleiotropic effects of recombinant protease inhibitors in plants

Mangena

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Recombinant gene encoded protease inhibitors have been identified as some of the most effective antidigestive molecules to guard against proteolysis of essential proteins and plant attacking proteases from herbivorous pests and pathogenic microorganisms. Protease inhibitors (PIs) can be over expressed in transgenic plants to complement internal host defense systems, Bt toxins in genetically modified pest resistance and abiotic stress tolerance achieved through cystatins expression. Although the understanding of the role of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors encoded by both endogenous and transgenes expressed in crop plants has significantly advanced, their implication in biological systems still requires further elucidations. This paper, therefore, succinctly reviewed most recently published literature on recombinant proteases inhibitors (RPIs), focusing mainly on their unintended consequences in plants, other living organisms, and the environment. The review discusses major negative and unintended effects of RPIs involving the inhibitors’ non-specificity on protease enzymes, non-target organisms and ubiquitous versatility in their mechanism of inhibition. The paper also discusses some direct and indirect effects of RPIs such as degradation by distinct classes of proteases, reduced functionality due to plant exposure to severe environmental stress and any other potential negative influences exerted on both the host plant as well as the environment. These pleiotropic effects must be decisively monitored to eliminate and prevent any potential adverse effects that transgenic plants carrying recombinant inhibitor genes may have on non-target organisms and biodiversity.

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“…on natural host plants under room conditions without control of the microclimate. Keeping larvae on their natural host plants is also the recommended approach for testing Bt maize effects (Lang et al 2019). Commonly, only caterpillars are reared to adults, because to maintain a colony in the lab would require covering the whole life cycle from eggs to pairing adults.…”

Section: General Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For testing Bt maize pollen effects, Lang et al (2019) recommend to use natural host plants for rearing lepidopteran larvae as this mimics the natural situation best, thus increasing the ecological relevance and validity of the test results. Nevertheless, using artificial diets might be reasonable in some cases, e.g.…”

Section: Breeding On Artificial Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ERA should follow a conceptual step-by-step approach including hazard identification, hazard characterisation and exposure characterisation, and it is described and discussed further in the respective guidelines of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA 2010a, b). For insect-resistant plants, the testing of non-target organisms (NTO) within the ERA follows an eco-toxicological approach, typically used for testing harmful pesticides and strongly focussing on controlled laboratory tests under standardised conditions (Hilbeck et al 2008;Lang et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection of non-target Lepidoptera species to test Bt maize effects in the laboratory: which species and how to breed them?

Lang¹,

Dolek²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

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Bt maize targeting Lepidopteran pests poses potential risks for non-target (NT) butterflies and moths which are addressed in the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crop plants. For this purpose, eco-toxicological tests are often conducted with specific NT species in the laboratory in order to assess possible adverse effects. As only a limited number of surrogate species can be addressed, the choice of focal species to be tested is an important decision. However, practical and standardised selection procedures have hardly been developed and applied for NTLepidoptera, so far. Here, we present a transparent and systematic selection process of suitable test species for Germany, involving selection criteria such as exposure to Bt maize, habitat range and laboratory maintenance of the species. As a result, we compiled a list of 15 lepidopteran species particularly appropriate for testing the adverse effects of Bt maize in the laboratory. In addition, we collected and reviewed published reports for breeding methods of Lepidoptera, which provides essential information on maintaining lab stocks of NTLepidoptera. The presented selection procedure allows focusing on the relevant test species in a transparent and reproducible way, and supplies the breeding knowledge required to breed and maintain them, which will be of great utility for the future assessment on possible risks of Bt maize cultivation to non-target Lepidoptera.

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Laboratory tests with Lepidoptera to assess non-target effects of Bt maize pollen: analysis of current studies and recommendations for a standardised design

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Biopesticides and insect pollinators: Detrimental effects, outdated guidelines, and future directions

Biopesticides and insect pollinators: Detrimental effects, outdated guidelines, and future directions

Pleiotropic effects of recombinant protease inhibitors in plants

Selection of non-target Lepidoptera species to test Bt maize effects in the laboratory: which species and how to breed them?

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