Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces parasite load on Toxocara canis experimental infection in mice, but has no effect on the parasite in vitro

Abstract

Human toxocariasis is a neglected global parasitic zoonosis. The efficacy of drug treatment for this disease has been hindered by the biological complexity of the main etiological agent, the nematode Toxocara canis. Experimental studies have shown the potential of probiotics to promote a reduction in the parasite load of T. canis larvae. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 on the parasite load of BALB/c mice with acute toxocariasis and evaluate the direct effect of this probiotic on T. canis larvae in vitro. In vivo administration of probiotics reduced the parasite load of T. canis larvae by 53.3% (p = 0.0018) during the early stage of infection in mice. However, when analyzed in vitro, it was observed that the probiotic did not present a deleterious effect on the larvae, as approximately 90% of these remained viable. These results demonstrate the potential of the probiotic L. rhamnosus in the reduction of T. canis larvae in BALB/c mice and suggest it could be used as an alternative means for the controlling of visceral toxocariasis. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of action promoted by this probiotic.

Protective effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 in BALB/c mice infected with Toxocara canis

“…Next, the colony-forming units (CFU) were determined. Probiotic production, quality control, culture viability, colony counts and purity were evaluated according to the methodology employed by Walcher et al 20 .…”

“…After 48 h of T. canis egg inoculation, mice without supplementation had consistent IFN-γ (G2) gene transcription levels. treat parasitosis, such as Trichinella spiralis, Giardia lamblia and Toxocara canis 20,[33][34][35] . The results obtained in this study have shown that supplementation with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 has significantly reduced the infection intensity of Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice.…”

“…in tissues, making it necessary to investigate other forms of control [13][14][15] . An alternative treatment is the use of probiotics, which have demonstrated potential to control murine visceral toxocariasis [16][17][18][19][20] . One of the modes of action of probiotics is through their capacity to counterbalance the Th1-, Th2and Treg-type immune responses 21 and by their ability to inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to the intestinal epithelium through the production of antimicrobial substances such as short chain fatty acids, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins 22 .…”

Saccharomyces boulardiireduces the vertical transmission ofToxocara canislarvae in mice

“…canis larvae to offspring was observed in G1 group relative to G2 group, and 50% reduction in the number of larvae in the brains of the offspring was observed in G1 relative to G2 ( P = 0.023). These results corroborate previous studies demonstrating promising results of probiotics Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 (Basualdo et al ., 2007; Chiodo et al ., 2010), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Walcher et al ., 2018) and S. boulardii (Avila et al ., 2012, 2016; Cardoso et al ., 2020) in altering T . canis larvae infection intensity.…”

Probiyotikler ve Belirlenmelerinde Kullanılan in vitro Testler

“…Probiyotik özelliklerin değerlendirilme işlemleri tamamlandıktan sonra, ilgili suşlar in vivo testlere tabi tutulmaktadır (De Melo Pereira et al, 2018). Probiyotiklerle ilgili olarak fare, sıçan ve domuzlarda in vivo testlerin yapıldığı çeşitli çalışmalar mevcuttur (Sarkar et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2018;Walcher et al, 2018). Ancak, çoğu kez artan maliyet ve etik nedenlerden dolayı in vivo testler yapılamamaktadır.…”