Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice

Mao, Bingyong; Li, Dongyao; Ai, Chunqing; Zhao, Jianxin; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02305

Cited by 113 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The dominant bacterial phyla detected in feces of mice were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which were also previously detected in healthy mice (Chae et al, 2016;Mao et al, 2016 The mean relative abundances of Desulfovibrionaceae before and after lactulose intervention. EG1, experimental group, week 0; EG2, experimental group, 3rd week, n = 6.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Effect of lactulose intervention on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid composition of C57BL/6J mice

et al. 2018

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Gut microbiota have strong connections with health. Lactulose has been shown to regulate gut microbiota and benefit host health. In this study, the effect of short-term (3 week) intervention of lactulose on gut microbiota was investigated. Gut microbiota were detected from mouse feces by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Lactulose intervention enhanced the α-diversity of the gut microbiota; increased the abundance of hydrogen-producing bacteria Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae, probiotics Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae, and mucindegrading bacteria Akkermansia and Helicobacter; decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria Desulfovibrionaceae and branched-chain SCFAs (BCFAs). These results suggest that lactulose intervention effectively increased the diversity and improved the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which may be beneficial for host health. K E Y W O R D S16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, gut microbiota, prebiotic, probiotics, short chain fatty acids 2 of 8 | ZHAI et Al. enzymes in the intestine, but is metabolized by gut microbiota to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the ileum (Guerra-Ordaz et al., 2014).Lactulose can change the composition of the gut microbiota. For example, Vanhoutte et al. (2006), reported a significant increase in Bifidobacterium adolescentis following lactulose intake. Tuohy et al. (2002) showed that Bifidobacterium spp. were increased, whereas Clostridia and Lactobacilli were decreased after lactulose treatment in humans.SCFAs are main metabolites of gut microbiota, and are divided into straight-chain SCFAs and branched-chain SCFAs (BCFAs). Straightchain SCFAs are mainly produced by microbial fermentation of unabsorbed dietary carbohydrates in the gut. Lactate and succinate can also be metabolized to straight-chain SCFAs, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate (Hasebe et al., 2016;Verbeke et al., 2015). Straight-chain SCFAs have a range of beneficial effects, including regulation of the colonic and intracellular environment (Wong et al. 2006), and modulation of cell proliferation and gene expression. In addition, straightchain SCFAs are able to improve immune function, glucose regulation, and prevent obesity (Polyviou et al., 2016). In contrast, BCFAs are always derived from catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (Zheng et al., 2013), and are major markers of protein fermentation, which is likely to be detrimental to the host (Yang & Rose, 2015).Although some studies have assessed the effects of lactulose on gut microbiota, the gel-or PCR-based methods used limit our ability to evaluate the full extent of the impact of lactulose on the gut microbiotic community. In this study, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to evaluate effect of lactulose on gut microbiota and their metabolites in mice. | MATERIAL S AND ME THODS | Animals and experiment designSix-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Data were analyzed by nonparametric test followed by Mann-Whitney U-test. * p < .05 as a carbon source (Mao et al, 2016). Some previous studies indicated that SCFAs were able to increase levels of mucin by lowering the pH (Barcelo et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 94%

Effect of lactulose intervention on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid composition of C57BL/6J mice

et al. 2018

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“…The concentrations of SCFAs were determined according to Mao et al by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS-QP2010 Ultra system, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) [63], which was equipped with a Rtx-Wax column (30 m × 0.25 μm × 0.25 μm). The carrier gas was helium, the flow rate was 2 mL/min, the split ratio was 10:1 and the volume of sampling was 1 μL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium adolescentis Exerts Strain-Specific Effects on Constipation Induced by Loperamide in BALB/c Mice

Wang

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. This study was performed to determine whether Bifidobacterium adolescentis exerts inter-strain differences in alleviating constipation induced by loperamide in BALB/c mice and to analyze the main reasons for these differences. BALB/c mice underwent gavage with B. adolescentis (CCFM 626, 667, and 669) once per day for 17 days. The primary outcome measures included related constipation indicators, and the secondary outcome measures were the basic biological characteristics of the strains, the concentration changes of short-chain fatty acids in feces, and the changes in the fecal flora. B. adolescentis CCFM 669 and 667 relieved constipation symptoms by adhering to intestinal epithelial cells, growing quickly in vitro and increasing the concentrations of propionic and butyric acids. The effect of B. adolescentis on the gut microbiota in mice with constipation was investigated via 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. The results revealed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased and the amount of Clostridium decreased in the B. adolescentis CCFM 669 and 667 treatment groups. In conclusion, B. adolescentis exhibits strain-specific effects in the alleviation of constipation, mostly due to the strains’ growth rates, adhesive capacity and effects on the gut microbiome and microenvironment.

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“…SCFAs including acetate, propionate, and butyrate were analyzed using an external standard method described by Mao et al [29] with minor modifications. Briefly, cecal contents (50 mg) were suspended in 500 μL of saturated NaCl solution.…”

Section: Scfa Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfated Polysaccharide from Sea Cucumber and its Depolymerized Derivative Prevent Obesity in Association with Modification of Gut Microbiota in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Sulfated polysaccharide from sea cucumber (SCSP), Stichopus japonicus, has been shown to prevent diverse diseases, but little is known about its effects on obesity and gut microbiota in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Methods and results Diet‐induced obese, BALB/c mice are fed an HFD with or without SCSP and depolymerized SCSP (d‐SCSP, 0.004 kcal g−1) for 8 weeks. The results show that both SCSP and d‐SCSP reduce body weight, fat and liver hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and serum lipid and inflammatory cytokine levels in HFD‐fed mice. Moreover, SCSP and d‐SCSP not only prevent HFD‐induced gut disorder, as indicated by the enriched probiotic Akkermansia and reduce endotoxin‐bearing Proteobacteria, but also improve the SCFAs and endotoxin (LPS) levels and gut tissue index. Spearman's correlation analysis reveals that several specific genera are strongly correlated with obesity‐related indexes. In addition, the inhibitory effect of d‐SCSP on fat accumulation is more effective than that of SCSP, which may be related to their different regulation of the gut microbiota. Conclusions These findings suggest that SCSP can prevent diet‐induced obesity and its associated diseases by modulating the gut microbiota and improving microbial metabolites and gut tissue, and its effects can be enhanced by free‐radical depolymerization.

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Lactulose Differently Modulates the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice

Cited by 113 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of lactulose intervention on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid composition of C57BL/6J mice

Effect of lactulose intervention on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid composition of C57BL/6J mice

Bifidobacterium adolescentis Exerts Strain-Specific Effects on Constipation Induced by Loperamide in BALB/c Mice

Sulfated Polysaccharide from Sea Cucumber and its Depolymerized Derivative Prevent Obesity in Association with Modification of Gut Microbiota in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice

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