Lagrangian evolution of DMS during the Southern Ocean gas exchange experiment: The effects of vertical mixing and biological community shift

Yang, Mingxi; Archer, Stephen D.; Blomquist, Byron; Ho, David T.; Lance, Veronica P.; Torres, Ricardo

doi:10.1002/2013jc009329

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Recently, Yang et al . [] calculated abiotic DMS rate constants in a Southern Ocean (“bloom regime”) Lagrangian study. They estimated that despite moderate‐to‐high wind speeds, abiotic DMS loss (photolysis, ventilation, and mixing) represented at most 20% of k LOSS .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hereafter, we will call the ( k BC + k photo + k vent ) term the total DMS loss rate constant k LOSS . Net turbulent DMS fluxes (horizontal and diapycnal) are, under most circumstances, orders of magnitude smaller than k LOSS and can be neglected [ Gabric et al ., ; Herrmann et al ., ; Yang et al ., ]. Significant vertical DMS fluxes have only been reported in situations where nighttime convection erodes a sharp sub‐pycnocline DMS maximum [ Bailey et al ., ].…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some regions could depart from this big (and rough) picture, for example, the Southern Ocean, where stronger-than-average winds prevail [Monahan, 2006]. Recently, Yang et al [2013] calculated abiotic DMS rate constants in a Southern Ocean ("bloom regime") Lagrangian study. They estimated that despite moderate-to-high wind speeds, abiotic DMS loss (photolysis, ventilation, and mixing) represented at most 20% of k LOSS .…”

Section: Drivers Of Total Dms Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta‐analysis of oceanic DMS and DMSP cycling processes: Disentangling the summer paradox

Galí

Simó

2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

103

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The biogenic volatile compound dimethylsulfide (DMS) is produced in the ocean mainly from the ubiquitous phytoplankton osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). In the upper mixed layer, DMS concentration and the daily averaged solar irradiance are roughly proportional across latitudes and seasons. This translates into a seasonal mismatch between DMS and phytoplankton biomass at low latitudes, termed the "DMS summer paradox," which remains difficult to reproduce with biogeochemical models. Here we report on a global meta-analysis of DMSP and DMS cycling processes and their relationship to environmental factors. We show that DMS seasonality reflects progressive changes in a short-term dynamic equilibrium, set by the quotient between gross DMS production rates and the sum of biotic and abiotic DMS consumption rate constants. Gross DMS production is the principal driver of DMS seasonality, due to the synergistic increases toward summer in two of its underlying factors: phytoplankton DMSP content (linked to species succession) and short-term community DMSP-to-DMS conversion yields (linked to physiological stress). We also show that particulate DMSP transformations (linked to grazing-induced phytoplankton mortality) generally contribute a larger share of gross DMS production than dissolved-phase DMSP metabolism. The summer paradox is amplified by a decrease in microbial DMS consumption rate constants toward summer. However, this effect is partially compensated by a concomitant increase in abiotic DMS loss rate constants. Besides seasonality, we identify consistent covariation between key sulfur cycling variables and trophic status. These findings should improve the modeling projections of the main natural source of climatically active atmospheric sulfur.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drivers Of Total Dms Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta‐analysis of oceanic DMS and DMSP cycling processes: Disentangling the summer paradox

Galí

Simó

2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

103

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“…Our box model (similar to45) consists of a time-dependent representation of DMS outgassing at equilibrium rate (water-gas transfer) as well as biological DMS production and consumption. DMS consumption is modelled as a first order process: seawater DMS concentration (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air exposure of coral is a significant source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere

Hopkins

Bell

Yang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Corals are prolific producers of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). High atmospheric concentrations of the DMSP breakdown product dimethylsulfide (DMS) have been linked to coral reefs during low tides. DMS is a potentially key sulfur source to the tropical atmosphere, but DMS emission from corals during tidal exposure is not well quantified. Here we show that gas phase DMS concentrations (DMSgas) increased by an order of magnitude when three Indo-Pacific corals were exposed to air in laboratory experiments. Upon re-submersion, an additional rapid rise in DMSgas was observed, reflecting increased production by the coral and/or dissolution of DMS-rich mucus formed by the coral during air exposure. Depletion in DMS following re-submersion was likely due to biologically-driven conversion of DMS to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry showed downregulated photosynthesis during air exposure but rapid recovery upon re-submersion, suggesting that DMS enhances coral tolerance to oxidative stress during a process that can induce photoinhibition. We estimate that DMS emission from exposed coral reefs may be comparable in magnitude to emissions from other marine DMS hotspots. Coral DMS emission likely comprises a regular and significant source of sulfur to the tropical marine atmosphere, which is currently unrecognised in global DMS emission estimates and Earth System Models.

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“…Two SF 6 experiment have been conducted in the Florida shelf [41] and near South Georgia [42]. Given the success of these first SF 6 tracer experiments, our study explores the application of SF 6 in a coastal area of the North Western…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral diffusivity coefficients from the dynamics of a SF6 patch in a coastal environment

Kersalé

Petrenko

Doglioli

et al. 2016

Journal of Marine Systems

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The dispersion of a patch of the tracer sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) is used to assess the lateral diffusivity in the coastal waters of the western part of the Gulf of Lion (GoL), northwestern Mediterranean Sea, during the Latex10 experiment (September 2010). Immediately after the release, the spreading of the patch is associated with a strong decrease of the SF 6 concentrations due to the gas exchange from the ocean to the atmosphere. This has been accurately quantified, evidencing the impact of the strong wind conditions during the first days of this campaign. Few days after the release, as the atmospheric loss of SF 6 decreased, lateral diffusivity coefficient at spatial scales of 10 km has been computed using two approaches. First, the evolution of the patch with time was combined with a diffusion-strain model to obtain estimates of the strain rate (γ=2.5 10 −6 s −1 ) and of the lateral diffusivity coefficient (Second, a steady state model was applied, showing K h values similar to the previous method after a period of adjustment between 2 and 4.5 days. This * Corresponding author Email address: marion.kersale@univ-brest.fr (M. Kersalé) Preprint submitted to Journal of Marine SystemsJuly 24, 2015 implies that after such period, our computation of K h becomes insensitive to the inclusion of further straining of the patch. Analysis of sea surface temperature satellite imagery shows the presence of a strong front in the study area.The front clearly affected the dynamics within the region and thus the temporal evolution of the patch. Our results are consistent with previous studies in open ocean and demonstrate the success and feasibility of those methods also under small-scale, rapidly-evolving dynamics typical of coastal environments.

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Lagrangian evolution of DMS during the Southern Ocean gas exchange experiment: The effects of vertical mixing and biological community shift

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

A meta‐analysis of oceanic DMS and DMSP cycling processes: Disentangling the summer paradox

A meta‐analysis of oceanic DMS and DMSP cycling processes: Disentangling the summer paradox

Air exposure of coral is a significant source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere

Lateral diffusivity coefficients from the dynamics of a SF6 patch in a coastal environment

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