Land use directions based on the level of land conversion vulnerability in the Padang Watersheds, North Sumatera

Abstract

Hazardous land conversion in the Padang watersheds harms the hydrological conditions of the watersheds. Land use without considering the capacity and carrying capacity of the land results in decreased land productivity and increased watershed damage. This study aims to recommend directions for land use and land management in the Padang watersheds in areas that have a high and very high level of land conversion vulnerability. Analysis of land conversion vulnerability obtained by spatial modeling using ArcGis 10.3 software. The land cover data used in this study are data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2000 and 2019. Directions for land use are carried out through literature review in scientific journals, activity reports from both government and non-government agencies. Recommendations for land management directions are differentiated for urban areas and non-urban areas. Shrub cover that is vulnerable to conversion so that reforestation or other productive land uses are carried out with attention to soil and water conservation. Secondary dryland forest cover that is very vulnerable to conversion for partnerships with communities through community forestry/agroforestry schemes, rehabilitation and reforestation, and ecotourism. Plantation cover that is vulnerable to conversion can adopt an intercropping pattern of garden crops and seasonal crops. Agricultural land cover of dry land with high conversion vulnerability can adopt perennial crops at the land boundary and apply soil and water conservation. Residential areas in rural areas can adopt tree planting and make infiltration wells. The management direction for residential land in urban areas is to apply water conservation techniques (infiltration wells and polders) and arrangement of residential areas.

Miu sub-watershed: Flood vulnerability assessment using spatial model

“…The more open or the more land that is built up, the higher the effect on potential flood vulnerability, conversely the denser and wider a land is covered by vegetation, the lower the effect on potential flood vulnerability [31,32]. As a result, land use has an effect on rainwater catchment areas and can be used to determine water catchment areas so that the causes of the increased volume of floods and floodaffected areas are obtained [5,33].…”

“…Physical vulnerability is the condition of settlements in the lowlands; shallow, narrow and meandering river conditions; It can also be a drainage condition. Meanwhile, socio-economic vulnerability can be seen from the number and density of the population, the livelihoods of the population and the economic conditions of the community [5,8,9].…”

“…Watersheds are a vital part of the forest ecosystem and play a crucial role in preserving natural stability [1,2]. Nonetheless, a number of Indonesian watersheds endure a heavy burden due to the country's extremely high population density and intensive use of natural resources [3][4][5][6]. This condition causes the watershed to deteriorate, with signs of an increase in flood events [7,8] erosion, landslides and sedimentation [9,10].…”

Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity based on Ecological Footprint

“…(2) Theory of optimal allocation of WR At present, human beings are generally faced with the problem of insufficient WR in the process of expand, which is the contradiction between the economic and SC and the insufficient WR supply of the ecosystem itself. Human expand has unlimited demand for WR, but WR themselves are scarce, highly unbalanced in spatial and temporal distribution, and difficult to replace, which will inevitably lead to excessive expand and utilization of WR and the destruction of WR system homeostatic, resulting in a series of ecological and environmental disasters [9]. Therefore, in order to ensure the long-term expand of human society, it is necessary to continuously optimize the allocation of WR, promote the efficient use of WR, and improve the contradiction between supply and demand of WR.…”

Competition Assessment on Various Intercropping Patterns of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)

“…This method is gaining popularity as the most efficient land-use system adopted by farmers when they have only limited access to agricultural inputs [19]. The use of the intercropping system can also be carried out on rice fields as an effort to use land [20][21][22][23].…”