Landscape characteristics associated with the occurrence of the flying squirrel Pteromys volans in old‐growth forests of northern Finland

Abstract

We investigated whether the occurrence of the flying squirrel, a declined virgin forest species, was accounted for by the structure of the landscape in northeastern Finland We sampled 20 forest areas (1–77 km2 in size) in 1995 for the occurrence of the species using a sampling plot method Landscape structure around occupied and unoccupied areas were compared using seven different radii ranging from 100 m lo 10 km Classified satellite images were analyzed with Geographic Information System (GIS) Ten areas could be determined to be occupied by the flying squirrel Results showed that occupied areas did not deviate from unoccupied ones in total area In unoccupied areas there were more mature pine‐spruce forests, and less matrix habitat at the home range scale (100 m and 200 m radii) than in occupied areas Further more, in unoccupied forest areas open habitats (clear‐cuts, open fens) were more common than in occupied ones at distances between 200 m and 2 km around sampling plots These differences resulted from both larger mean patch size of and smaller mean nearest neighbor distance between open habitat patches m unoccupied than in occupied forest areas According to a logistic regression analysis, information on the amount of open habitat within 1 km radius alone correctly classified 75% of the areas into occupied and unoccupied ones The probability of the presence of flying squirrel decreases with the increasing amount of open habitat within 1 km The results suggest that increasing the amount of open habitats (e g clear‐cutting) at the local scale has a negative impact on the flying squirrel It is obvious that in the present situation where the population has severely declined and its optimal habitat is still diminishing, every patch suitable for the species ‐ whether occupied or not ‐may be important for the population persistence

Responses of small mammals to clear-cutting in temperate and boreal forests of Europe: a meta-analysis and review

“…Siberian flying squirrel Fragmentation (Mönkkönen et al 1997), habitat loss (Lampila et al 2009;Santangeli et al 2013b), change in tree species composition (Reunanen et al 2001).…”

Competitive exclusion within the predator community influences the distribution of a threatened prey species

“…This scale was chosen as a rationale based on previous knowledge of landscape composition preference by flying squirrels at the patch scale (e.g., Mo¨nkko¨nen et al 1997, Hanski 1998). Every nest (N) was assigned with two distinct reference plots: genuine references (G) and random references (R).…”

Examining the performance of six heuristic optimisation techniques in different forest planning problems

“…The HSI was computed from the following variables: growing stock volume, proportion of the stand volume made up of spruce and deciduous trees, mean diameter of deciduous trees and the volume of dead standing trees (e.g. Mönkkönen et al 1997, Hanski 1998, Reunanen et al 2000. In planning problems 2 and 3, which were non-spatial, the aim was to increase the total area of forest stands having a HSI greater than 0.4 (threshold value used by Kurttila et al (2002)).…”