Landscape Degradation and Restoration — A Planning Approach

Venodha, P. M.

doi:10.7763/ijesd.2016.v7.774

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Xanthium strumarium L. (Common cocklebur), a member of the Asteraceae, is an annual weed species propagated by seeds [1,2]. It is native to North America and Argentina [3], and regarded as a noxious weed species of corn and soybean crops throughout the world [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Saeed¹,

Hussain

Khan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Xanthium strumarium L. (Common cocklebur) is a noxious weed prevailing in different ecosystems around the world. It incurs significant yield and economic losses in different cropping systems globally. Successful management of any weed species depends on sound knowledge of seed germination biology. However, detailed knowledge on seed germination biology of the species is missing. Therefore, we investigated the impact of different environmental factors on seed germination and seed burial depths on seedling emergence of two X . strumarium populations. The impact of different sorghum mulch doses (0–10 t ha -1 ) on seedling emergence of the tested populations was also explored. Seed germination was evaluated under different photoperiods (0, 12 and 24), constant temperatures (0–50°C with 5°C stepwise rise), and different levels of pH (3–12), salinity (0–600 mM) and osmotic potential (0 to -1.6 MPa). Seedling emergence was observed for seeds buried at different depths (0–15 cm). Seeds of both populations proved non-photoblastic; however, higher germination was recorded under 12-hour photoperiod. The seeds germinated under a wide range of constant temperatures (10–45°C), pH (4–10), osmotic potentials (0 to -0.8 MPa) and salinity levels (0–400 mM NaCl). However, the highest germination was observed under 30–31°C temperature and neutral pH (7.51–7.52). Seeds were able to withstand 400 mM salinity and -1.00 MPa osmotic potential. Seedling emergence was initially improved with increasing burial depth and then a sharp decline was noted for the seeds buried >3 cm depth. Most of the seeds of both populations did not emerge from >8 cm depth. Different sorghum mulch doses linearly suppressed seedling emergence of tested populations, and 5.83–5.89 t ha -1 mulch application suppressed 50% of seedling emergence. Seedling emergence was completely retarded with 8 t ha -1 sorghum mulch. The tested populations germinated under diverse environmental circumstances indicating that the species can become troublesome in marginal habitats and cropped lands. Deep burial of seeds and application of sorghum mulches suppressed seedling emergence. Thus, deep burial followed by shallow tillage and application of sorghum mulches could be used as a successful strategy to manage the species in agricultural fields. Nonetheless, management strategies must be developed to control the species in other habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Saeed¹,

Hussain

Khan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…The X. strumarium L. (Common cocklebur), an annual, seed germinated species of family Asteraceae and widely acknowledged as an alien invasive weed of cotton, groundnut, corn, and soybean crops, is native to North America and Argentina (Hare, 1980 ; Nel et al, 2004 ; Venodha, 2016 ). The plant can tolerate a broad range of temperature invading ruderal and marshlands and is considered one of the drought‐resistant invasive plant species (Arifa et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

2022

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Invasive biology acknowledges the concept of better performance by invasive plants in the introduced range. Xanthium strumarium L. is one of the successful invasive species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The phenological pattern, vegetative and reproductive traits plasticity analysis of the species was explored to explain the invasive success across the altitudinal gradient in the current invaded habitats. Phenological patterns and timing (seedling, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, drying, and seed bank) were observed during a full year for two seasons. We also examine plant functional traits at altitudes of 500, 1000, and 1500 m a.s.l. to assess traits and biomass variations. The X. strumarium exhibits late vegetative and reproductive phenology at higher altitudes, enabling them to occupy an empty niche and benefit from decreased competition for resource acquisition. The lower altitude plants show a higher growth rate (stem size increase, number of leaves, and leaf area) due to the higher nutrient availability. Higher altitude plants have the highest reproductive biomass and biomass ratio revealing plant abilities to be reproductively adapted in the higher altitudes. Among climatic variables, mean yearly temperature, mean annual yearly humidity, and mean day length in hours, while in soil variables, organic matter and nitrogen percentage significantly affect the phenological and morphological stages. Therefore, we conclude that X. strumarium can invade higher altitudes with a shift in its phenological and morphological changes making the invasion process successful.

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“…As such, the response of Xanthium strumarium to NDVI may imply that Xanthium strumarium's strength is its capability to utilise niched left over by disturbance events. This is evident in the fact that the species follows an annual lifecycle (Venodha, 2016) and also one plant can produce up to several hundreds of propagule. Thus, it can regenerate quickly and invade communities in very short amounts of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species belongs to the Asteraceae family and it reproduces annually (Venodha, 2016). Rough cocklebur often appears in thick mono-specific stands usually in low-lying riparian areas and in agricultural fields (Marwat et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Suitable Habitat of the Invasive Xanthium Strumarium L. In Southeastern Zimbabwe

Chikuruwo¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Biological invasions have negatively affected virtually all ecosystems on earth. Thus, reducing the spread of such invasive species is important. A few broad strategies are available on how to reduce the spread of invasive species. The aim of this study is to predict the suitable habitat of the invasive species Xanthium strumarium and to identify the factors associated with its spread in order to improve efforts against invasive species. Presence (53 plots) and absence (52 plots) data for building the prediction were collected from Gonarezhou National Park and the adjacent Malipati communal land, Zimbabwe in April 2013. Ten modelling techniques were employed namely; Generalized linear model, General additive model, Classification tree analysis, Surface range envelope, Multivariate adaptive regression splines, Random Forest, Gradient boosting machines, Maximum entropy, Artificial neural networks and an ensemble model. Environmental factors related to the establishment success of Xanthium strumarium were also identified. Results of this study indicate that machine learning based techniques performed better at predicting the occurrence of Xanthium strumarium, although the ensemble prediction outperformed all the individual models. Xanthium strumarium was predicted to occur in areas that receive direct radiation from the sun, thus, aspect was identified as a critical factor in habitat selection for Xanthium strumarium.

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Landscape Degradation and Restoration — A Planning Approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

Predicting the Suitable Habitat of the Invasive Xanthium Strumarium L. In Southeastern Zimbabwe

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