Landscape Geomorphological Evolution and Coastal Changes: A Case Study of Coastal Evolution in the Western Patraikos Gulf Area, Western Greece

Alevizos, Georgios; Stamatopoulos, Leonidas

doi:10.12681/bgsg.11742

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Almost all the drainage systems have been narrowed, channelled, culvert and in many cases diverted, causing a reduction in run-off sections. As a result, flooding events have been more frequent in recent decades, with a current increase in geo-hydrological risk scenarios, which, nevertheless, historically affected Genoa (Bixio et al, 2017; Lanza, 2003), Rome (Aldrete, 2007; Berti et al, 2004), Naples, Palermo (Cusimano et al, 1989) and Patras (Alevizos and Stamatopoulos, 2016; Despiniadou and Athanasopoulou, 2006). The reduction of infiltration and the increase of the run-off due to the soil sealing have also enhanced the hazardous conditions (Brandolini et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most important features of the city of Patras is its port, which has been heavily modified during the years. It is a part of Patras Gulf, which is a microtidal sea, dominated by locally generated waves from strongly bimodal wind patterns (Alevizos and Stamatopoulos, 2016; Piper et al, 1982). The first indications of maritime and coastal activities during the prehistoric ages have been located in the area of Aygia in the north-east of the city.…”

Section: Geographical Setting Of the Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphology of the Anthropocene in Mediterranean urban areas

Brandolini

Cappadonia

Luberti

et al. 2019

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Urban-geomorphology studies in historical cities provide a significant contribution towards the broad definition of the Anthropocene, perhaps even including its consideration as a new unit of geological time. Specific methodological approaches to recognize and map landforms in urban environments, where human-induced geomorphic processes have often overcome the natural ones, are proposed. This paper reports the results from, and comparison of, studies conducted in coastal historical cities facing the core of the Mediterranean Sea – that is, Genoa, Rome, Naples, Palermo (Italy) and Patras (Greece). Their settlements were facilitated by similar climatic and geographical contexts, with high grounds functional for defence, as well as by the availability of rocks useful as construction materials, which were excavated both in opencast and underground quarries. Over centuries, urbanization has also required the levelling of relief, which was performed by the excavation of heights, filling of depressions and by slope terracing. Consequently, highly modified hydrographic networks, whose streams were dammed, diverted, modified in a culvert or simply buried, characterize the selected cities. Their urban growth, which has been driven by maritime commercial activities, has determined anthropogenic coastal progradation through port and defence or waterfront works. Aggradation of artificial ground has also occurred as a consequence of repeated destruction because of both human and natural events, and subsequent reconstruction even over ruins, buried depressions and shallow cavities. As a result, the selected cities represent anthropogenic landscapes that have been predominately shaped by several human-driven processes, sometimes over centuries. Each landform represents the current result, often from multiple activities with opposing geomorphic effects. Beyond academic progress, we believe that detecting and mapping these landforms and processes should be compulsory, even in risk-assessment urban planning, because of the increase of both hazards and vulnerability as a result of climate-change-induced extreme events and extensive urbanization, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical Setting Of the Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphology of the Anthropocene in Mediterranean urban areas

Brandolini

Cappadonia

Luberti

et al. 2019

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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“…During the Early Holocene, like other parts of the world, the study area underwent a rapid change of climate which became temperate, marked by a widespread development of thick fluvial sedimentation which consequently led to the rivers migration. The new environmental conditions drastically reduced slope degradation processes and related aggradations of riverbeds which was replaced by major depositional processes [13]. The aforementioned delta progradations and fluctuations of the river channels shape and placement, has consisted a significant source of risk in the area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Data of Fluvial Geomorphological Evolution and Its Link with Hazards and Human Impact: The Case of Peiros River, North Western Peloponnese, Greece

Alevizos¹

2018

EARTH

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River channel dynamics are the result of the complex interaction between natural and human factors, at both local and regional scale. The study of river channel dynamics may be an important way to better understand the mechanisms that rule the functioning of fluvial systems, allowing predictions of its future evolution to be made and appropriate adaptation measures to be taken, remediating the risks related to the fluvial dynamics. The purpose of this study is to present specific aspects concerning the river channel dynamics of Peiros River, NW Peloponnese, Greece and to reveal the role of various control factors. Peiros, the longest river in Achaea, has sources at the NE part of the Erymanthos mountains flowing into Patras gulf. This study traces the various stages of geomorphological evolution of the low part of Peiros's river channel and enables us to study the links between human activity, local tectonics, morphology and fluvial dynamics. The study area belongs to the geotectonic zone of Gavrovo-Tripoli flysch, consisting mainly of medium-bedded fine-grained sandstones and mudstones and influenced by ENE and WNW trending faults aligned with the river flow. The spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport is controlled by various variables, including the natural features of the catchments and human activity. The latter is an important control factor for both the processes of sediment generation, transfer and accumulation and for channel dynamics. At the same time, these processes are responsible on short and long run for the alteration of the river channels, which entail negative environmental consequences. The study revealed restriction of sediment supply, coastal retreat, lateral erosion and migration of the rivers channel that complies with the local tectonics of the area, although major stream offsets are not created. The morphological changes although, are mainly attributed to human intervention factors, such as the construction of a dam and transversal bars that restricted the water flow and consequently the sediment supply. That factor combined with the climate change, had as result to drastically alter the morphology of the area. These morphological changes, except of loss of property and boundary problems, also made the area vulnerable to flush flood events. Structures close to the coast are exposed to more risk because of the measured coast retreat. No remediation measures have been taken, except the installation of rip-rap of limited length and one groin, in an attempt to slow down the coastal retreat and diminish wave action.

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“…One of the most important features of the city of Patras is its' port which has rich history and has been heavily modified during the years. It's a part of Patras Gulf which is a microtidal sea dominated by locally generated waves (Piper et al, 1982;Alevizos & Stamatopoulos, 2016). The first indications of maritime and coastal activities during the prehistoric ages have been located in the area of Agia in the NE of the city.…”

Section: Urban Geomorphology Of Genoa Old City (Italy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Congresso congiunto SGI-SIMP 2018 - Geosciences for the environment, natural hazards and cultural heritage

2018

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A brief introduction will define what Cultural heritage is from the Conservation Science point of view and will explain how the scenario changed with the advent of different materials in contemporary art. Goals of the study (archaeometry and conservation). Impact of rapid technological advances resulting in a flourishing of new instrumentation. Use of large facilities (synchrotron and neutron sources) compared to the proliferation of small portable noninvasive instruments. Composition of the Na-pyroxenes in green stone axes by a noninvasive XRD technique to determine the stone provenance, used for elucidating the trades in Neolithic Europe. Texture of the copper axe of Similaum man shed light to the metallurgy of Eneolithic period. For large facilities: Structure refinement of Maya Blue and identification of indigo in the palygorskite grooves. Use of neutrons for CT-scan of large statues (Robert van Lange), compared to powerful X-ray sources and medical equipment (Casali, Getty). For portable instruments: Ubiquitous use of hand held XRF. Advantages and disadvantages. Portable Raman, FTIR, XRF/XRD noninvasive techniques. Some examples of non-conventional applications of portable XRD. Michelangelo Last Judgment censure panels in the Sistine chapel: problem of dating the interventions with the goal of removing the most recent ones only. XRD proved to be the solution since the three painters used different yellow pigments. Discoloration of the blue sky painted with Lapis Lazuli. It was proved to be a rough partial cleaning performed using ash. Imaging has become very important: Multispectral Imaging, involving different filters and light sources from UV to IR, helps mapping the various substances on the surface. VIL, Visible Induced Luminescence, allows to take pictures of Egyptian blue only. Examples from Roman-Egyptian funerary paintings (Fayum), Herculaneum and X century Lombard church. Reflectance Texture Imaging, combines many pictures taken at different illumination angles, and allows for changing the light direction on the computer at a touch of the mouse. When X-ray Radiography in transmission is not practical, it can be substituted by Electron Emission, which involves the first 50 micrometers of surface only. SmART_scan: a program that simulates XRF scanners, without the expensive equipment.

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Landscape Geomorphological Evolution and Coastal Changes: A Case Study of Coastal Evolution in the Western Patraikos Gulf Area, Western Greece

Abstract: Geological and geomorphological research has been carried out in the western part of the south coast of Patraikos Gulf and the findings were studied in relation to

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Geomorphology of the Anthropocene in Mediterranean urban areas

Geomorphology of the Anthropocene in Mediterranean urban areas

Preliminary Data of Fluvial Geomorphological Evolution and Its Link with Hazards and Human Impact: The Case of Peiros River, North Western Peloponnese, Greece

Congresso congiunto SGI-SIMP 2018 - Geosciences for the environment, natural hazards and cultural heritage

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