Langmuir surface and interface films of lignosulfonates and Kraft lignins in the presence of electrolyte and asphaltenes: correlation to emulsion stability

Adsorption Kinetics of Asphaltenes at Liquid Interfaces

“…We have used asphaltenes extracted from a venezuelian heavy oil (9 • API, i.e., density of 1.0). The SARA analysis and the elementary composition are given in Table 1.…”

“…These emulsions need to be destroyed after oil has been produced out of the reservoirs to recover the oil. A great deal of studies of these emulsions can be found in the literature (3)(4)(5), together with studies of the effect of various demulsifiers (6)(7)(8)(9). To obtain oil-in-water emulsions or to break the already existing water-in-oil emulsions, watersoluble surfactants need to be added and can possibly affect the interfacial structure.…”

Effect of straight-chain alcohols on the physicochemical properties of calcium lignosulfonate

“…But for the system of CL + 2%C 10 OH and CL + 2%C 12 OH, the surface tension first decreases sharply with the concentration of CL increase, and then becomes constant when the concentration is above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Furthermore the CMC for the CL + 2%C 12 OH system is a little lower than that of the CL + 2%C 10 OH system. This indicated that above the CMC, the two systems could form micelles in solution.…”

“…Gundersen et al [12] have reported the effects of pH, the additive of electrolytes, the structure, and the multivalent cations on the surface and interface properties of LS. The surface activity of LS varies as a function of pH and the amount of electrolytes.…”

A Novel Cationic Lignin-amine Emulsifier with High Performance Reinforced via Phenolation and Mannich Reactions

“…Most lignin is burned as fuel or disposed of as waste (Clark 2007;Suhas et al 2007;Nyrud et al 2008;Ibrahim et al 2012), which results in increased greenhouse gases and also the loss of a valuable biomass resource. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop high value-added chemicals or functional materials from lignin, which has potential as a raw material for the production of these materials (Gundersen et al 2001;Kovalcik et al 2015). The conversion of technical lignin to surfactant is an important utilization of this renewable resource as a functional material (Vishtal and Kraslawski 2011;Duval and Lawoko 2014).…”