Lanthanum carbonate hydrate causes artifacts on ultrasound

Lanthanum Carbonate Opacities—A Systematic Review

“…Therefore, the review consists of reports from a total of 334 patients. The studies were from 14 different countries, with Japan being the most common [4,24,28,31,32,41]. The narrative synthesis consisted of 30 [8][9][10][11][12][13] single case reports, 1 case series [4], and 2 cohort studies [41,42].…”

“…The narrative synthesis consisted of 30 [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] single case reports, 1 case series [ 4 ], and 2 cohort studies [ 41 , 42 ]. The case series included 9 patients, and the cohort studies included 126 and 169 patients.…”

“…Therefore, the review consists of reports from a total of 334 patients. The studies were from 14 different countries, with Japan being the most common [ 4 , 24 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 41 ].…”

“…The most frequent image modality was X-ray, reported in 73% of the papers [8][9][10][11]13,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27]29,[33][34][35][36][37][38], and CT, reported in 49% of the papers [4,8,9,11,18,19,21,24,26,28,[31][32][33]37,41]. Two or more types of radiological imaging were reported in 33% of the papers [8,9,11,18,19,21,26,28,29,33,37].…”

“…Location, characteristics of opacity, and differential diagnosis LC opacities were most commonly reported in the intestines (26 studies, 73%) [4,8,[10][11][12][13][17][18][19]21,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][33][34][35][36][38][39][40][41][42], with 24% of all of the studied papers specifying the colon [13,23,25,30,34,36,37,39]. LCs were also reported in the stomach, by 21% of all studies [9,19,21,31,32,40,41], or the aerodigestive tract, by 6% of the papers [20,22].…”