Laparoscopic retrograde appendicectomy with intracorporeal tie

Laparoscopic mesh repair and Toupet fundoplication for parahiatal hernia complicated by sliding hiatal hernia: A case report

“…The diaphragm is derived from the septum transversum (anterior portion), pleuroperitoneal folds (posterolateral portion), and dorsal mesentery (posteromedial portion) [4] . A parahiatal hernia defect occurs toward the left side of the crus.…”

“…A parahiatal hernia defect occurs toward the left side of the crus. Congenital parahiatal hernia is considered a posteromedial defect (because of failure of the dorsal mesentery to develop) within the diaphragm [4] . Owing to proximity, a parahiatal hernia is often confused with a hiatus hernia or Bochdalek hernia.…”