Laparoscopic Retrograde Nephrectomy as a Troubleshooting Technique to Prevent Open Conversion: The Technique Description With a Review of 40 Cases

Abstract

IntroductionLaparoscopic nephrectomies are safe, with low complication rates in skilled hands. However, traditional approaches may be unsuitable for conditions such as post-renal abscesses, long-standing urinomas, nonfunctioning kidneys post-pyeloplasty, pyelolithotomies, post-partial nephrectomy recurrences, tuberculous kidneys, pyelonephritis, and redo-renal surgeries. This study describes a modified retrograde nephrectomy technique and its outcomes in 40 cases. MethodsWe reviewed 40 cases where the retrograde nephrectomy technique was used. Surgeons opted for this method based on intraoperative findings and initial difficulties in accessing the lower pole area. ResultsTraditional dissection was challenging due to adhesions in the lower pole. The retrograde technique, starting from the renal hilum, allowed early ligation of renal arteries and veins, reducing bleeding risks and facilitating safer caudal dissection. ConclusionsThe retrograde nephrectomy technique offers a safer and more efficient alternative for complex nephrectomies. Early vascular control minimizes hemorrhage risk, making it a valuable method in challenging renal surgeries.