Large-Area Laminar TEA₂MnI₄ Single-Crystal Scintillator for X-ray Imaging with Impressive High Resolution

Abstract

Current X-ray imaging scintillators are dominated by inorganic scintillators grown through a high-temperature process. Exploring new types of scintillators with mild growth conditions, high light yields, and eco-friendly chemical compositions is essential and challenging. Herein, the zero-dimensional large-area laminar organic−inorganic hybrid metal halide TEA 2 MnI 4 (TEA = tetraethylammonium) single crystal with dimensions of 50 mm × 60 mm × 0.82 mm is grown via a local-heating solvent evaporation method. Compared with its Cl-and Br-based counterparts, the incorporation of the iodine component enhances the X-ray attenuation ability and significantly accelerates the decay of the photoluminescence of TEA 2 MnI 4 . Interestingly, the prepared TEA 2 MnI 4 exhibits a high transmittance of >90% over the range of 515−765 nm and exhibits a high light yield of 26288 photons/MeV, which provides the prerequisite for high-resolution X-ray imaging. The TEA 2 MnI 4 single-crystal scintillator displays an astonishing spatial resolution exceeding 25 line pairs per millimeter, which provides a design concept for a Mn−I-based single crystal for high-performance scintillator applications.

Regulating the coordination geometry of polyhedra in zero-dimensional metal halides for tunable emission

“…A short lifetime on the nanosecond scale is consistent with the STE emission in the above-mentioned PbZn-Br, and a microsecond long lifetime conforms well with Mn 2+ ion luminescence behavior. 30–32 The PLQY of PbMn-Br is 11% and 67% under excitation at 380 nm and 450 nm, respectively (Fig. 3c), indicating that there is a more efficient radiative recombination process in Mn 2+ than in Pb 3 Br 11 5− .…”

A Melt‐Quenched Luminescent Glass of an Organic–Inorganic Manganese Halide as a Large‐Area Scintillator for Radiation Detection

“…Chemie outstanding X-ray imaging quality. [45,46] To further explore the application prospects of such glass materials combining facile synthesis procedure and superior optical properties, we performed X-ray scintillation properties measurement on the as-prepared large-area glassy (HTPP) 2 MnBr 4 . The light yield of (HTPP) 2 MnBr 4 was evaluated by employing the commercially available scintillators Ce-doped Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG : Ce) as the reference.…”

Copper Iodide Inks for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging Screens

“…22 Furthermore, an excellent X-ray imaging resolution (>25 lp mm −1 ) was achieved by another organic Mn(II)-based single crystal (TEA 2 MnI 4 ). 24 or tetrahedral), the scintillation response times of Mn(II)based scintillators range from a hundred microseconds to milliseconds. 22,24 This impedes their dynamic, real-time imaging ability and potential application in high-energy physics and medical imaging.…”

“…24 or tetrahedral), the scintillation response times of Mn(II)based scintillators range from a hundred microseconds to milliseconds. 22,24 This impedes their dynamic, real-time imaging ability and potential application in high-energy physics and medical imaging. 23,30 Therefore, Cu(I)-based halides with a high X-ray absorption efficiency, excellent stability, near-unity PLQY, large Stokes shift, and relatively short decay time arising from the presence of self-trapped excitons (STEs) have demonstrated a significant potential for practical application as revolutionary scintillation materials.…”

“…Recently, many lead-free metal-halide scintillators, particularly manganese­(II)-based and copper­(I)-based halides, have demonstrated promising scintillation performance. − For instance, Xu et al synthesized an organic Mn­(II)-based bromide single crystal ((C 38 H 34 P 2 )­MnBr 4 ), which exhibited a near-unity PLQY and a superior light yield of ∼80 000 photons MeV –1 . Furthermore, an excellent X-ray imaging resolution (>25 lp mm –1 ) was achieved by another organic Mn­(II)-based single crystal (TEA 2 MnI 4 ) .…”