“…In the past decade, novel 2D SAs such as graphene, black phosphorus, and transition-metal dichalcogenides have demonstrated rapid progress due to their excellent physical properties including broadband absorption, ultrafast recovery times, low cost and ease of fabrication. 5,6 Very recently, novel 2D materials such as ZIFs, transition metal oxides (TMOs) and composites have been extensively applied in passively mode-locked laser experiments. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Dong et al successfully obtained a 1 mm passively mode-locked laser with TiO 2 /CuO composite SAs, indicating their great potentials in ultrafast laser modulation.…”