Large extracellular vesicles transfer more prions and infect cell culture better than small extracellular vesicles

Soukup, Jakub; Moško, Tibor; Kereïche, Sami; Holada, Karel

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149208

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 79 publications

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“…Notably, under pathological conditions, EVs may also contribute to altering the BBB and to spread diseases since they can contain toxic proteins, such as amyloid peptides, hyper-phosphorylated Tau proteins, prions, and aggregated α-synuclein [137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144]. In other words, the ability of brain cells to exchange a variety of cell components under physiological conditions is not lost under pathological conditions, but it becomes a sort of weapon that can cause "infection" of neighboring cells.…”

Section: The Role Of Extracellular Vesicles (Evs) In the Formation An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Astrocytes in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of the Blood–Brain Barrier

Schiera,

Di Liegro,

Schirò

et al. 2024

Cells

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental structure that protects the composition of the brain by determining which ions, metabolites, and nutrients are allowed to enter the brain from the blood or to leave it towards the circulation. The BBB is structurally composed of a layer of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) bound to each other through tight junctions (TJs). However, its development as well as maintenance and properties are controlled by the other brain cells that contact the BCECs: pericytes, glial cells, and even neurons themselves. Astrocytes seem, in particular, to have a very important role in determining and controlling most properties of the BBB. Here, we will focus on these latter cells, since the comprehension of their roles in brain physiology has been continuously expanding, even including the ability to participate in neurotransmission and in complex functions such as learning and memory. Accordingly, pathological conditions that alter astrocytic functions can alter the BBB’s integrity, thus compromising many brain activities. In this review, we will also refer to different kinds of in vitro BBB models used to study the BBB’s properties, evidencing its modifications under pathological conditions.

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Section: The Role Of Extracellular Vesicles (Evs) In the Formation An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Astrocytes in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of the Blood–Brain Barrier

Schiera,

Di Liegro,

Schirò

et al. 2024

Cells

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UBL3 overexpression enhances EV-mediated Achilles protein secretion in conditioned media of MDA-MB-231 cells

Mimi,

Hasan,

Takanashi

et al. 2024

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Circulating large extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers of indeterminate thyroid nodules: multi-platform omics analysis

Ahmed,

Eddama,

Beatson

et al. 2024

BJS Open

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Background While most thyroid nodules are benign, 7–15% are malignant. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules (specifically Bethesda IV/Thy3f) often undergo diagnostic hemithyroidectomy to reach a diagnosis on final histology. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of circulating large extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers in patients presenting with Thy3f thyroid nodules. Methods This was a two-gate diagnostic accuracy study; patients with Thy3f thyroid nodules were age, sex and body mass index matched to healthy individuals. Final histology confirmed benign and malignant diagnoses. Plasma large extracellular vesicle counts were quantified using flow cytometry. Large extracellular vesicle microRNA and protein profiles were identified using next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry, respectively. Results A total of 42 patients with Thy3f nodules (22 with cancer, 20 with non-cancer diagnosis) and 16 healthy controls were included. Total large extracellular vesicle concentrations and the concentrations of extracellular vesicles expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule and the cancer markers atypical chemokine receptor type 7, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and syndecan-4 were significantly higher in patients with Thy3f nodules (cancer and non-cancer) compared with healthy individuals. In patients with cancerous versus non-cancer Thy3f nodules, one microRNA was upregulated: mir-195–3p (P < 0.001). Five were downregulated: mir-3176 (P < 0.001), mir-205-5p (P < 0.001), novel-hsa-mir-208-3p (P < 0.001), mir-3529-3p (P = 0.01) and let-7i-3p (P = 0.02). Furthermore, three large extracellular vesicle proteins (kallikrein-related peptidase11 (KLK11) (P = 0.001), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (A1AG2) (P <0.001) and small integral membrane protein 1 (SMIM1) (P = 0.04)) were significantly upregulated, while 20 large extracellular vesicle proteins were significantly downregulated (most downregulated: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7), tubulin beta chain 1 (TBB1), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and actinin alpha 1 (ACTN1) (P < 0.001)) in cancerous compared with non-cancer Thy3f nodules. Conclusion Circulating large extracellular vesicle miRNA and protein profiles have a high diagnostic value to discriminate between benign and malignant nodules for patients with Thy3f cytology. Further validation for clinical performance will be needed.

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Large extracellular vesicles transfer more prions and infect cell culture better than small extracellular vesicles

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Involvement of Astrocytes in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of the Blood–Brain Barrier

Involvement of Astrocytes in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of the Blood–Brain Barrier

UBL3 overexpression enhances EV-mediated Achilles protein secretion in conditioned media of MDA-MB-231 cells

Circulating large extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers of indeterminate thyroid nodules: multi-platform omics analysis

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