“…Some researchers have reported positive linkages (Wu, 2006;Allouche & Laroche, 2005;De Bakker & den Hond, 2005;Margolis & Walsh, 2003;Orlitzky, Schmidt, & Rynes, 2003;Roman et al, 1999;Johnson & Greening, 1999;Berman, Wicks, & Jones, 1999;Turban & Greening, 1997;Preston & O'Bannon, 1997;Waddock & Graves, 1997;Raihi-Belkaoui, 1992), while others have reported negative linkages (Bromiley & Marcus, 1989;Davidson, Chandy, & Cross, 1987;Davidson & Worrell, 1988). Still others have found no significant linkages between CSR initiatives and financial performance (Freedman & Jaggi, 1982;Aupperle et al, 1985).…”