Large Modern Collapses on the Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka: Causes and Mechanism of Formation

Мелекесцев, И. В.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4037-5_23

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Gorshkov and Dubik, 1970;Bogoyavlenskaya et al, 1985). Since then, both events have been reinterpreted as sector collapses and the resulting debris avalanche deposits re-examined (Belousov, 1995;Belousov and Belousova, 1998;Melekestsev, 2006). Other work on the CKD volcanoes includes studies of small-volume historical landslides on Kliuchevskoi (Dvigalo and Melekestsev, 2000), pre-historic collapses of Shiveluch (Ponomareva et al, 1998;Belousov et al, 1999) and brief mention of pre-historic collapses on Kamen', Tolbachik (Melekestsev and Braitseva, 1984), Kharchinsky and Zarechny volcanoes (Volynets et al, 1999).…”

Section: Geological Background and Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, various facies of the debris avalanche deposits, as well as features of their surface, have been examined in detail, and the high frequency of collapses has been explained by high viscosity and high water content of the ascending magma (Belousov et al, 1999). The collapses were probably triggered by intrusion of viscous magma beneath the summit domes and related seismicity (Belousov et al, 1999;Melekestsev, 2006). The oldest exposed Shiveluch debris-avalanche deposit is pre-Holocene in age and is the most enigmatic.…”

Section: Volcanoes Of the Central Kamchatka Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1956, Novy dome has been growing inside the collapse crater. On June 30, 1985, a large (∼ 0.05 km 3 ) landslide from the dome triggered an explosive eruption (Melekestsev, 2006).…”

Section: Volcanoes Of the Central Kamchatka Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 1984-87 summit eruption fresh lava flowed down the chutes; one flow collapsed, producing a rockslide of 0.006 km 3 down to a glacier and triggering a number of phreatic explosions and a 30-km-long lahar (Dvigalo and Melekestsev, 2000). A larger rockslide (∼ 0.05 km 3 ) occurred during the 1945 eruption (Dvigalo and Melekestsev, 2000;Melekestsev, 2006). Gullies on the foot of Kliuchevskoi exhibit multiple debris fans from older similar events.…”

Section: Volcanoes Of the Central Kamchatka Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sector collapses and large landslides on Late Pleistocene–Holocene volcanoes in Kamchatka, Russia

Пономарева

Мелекесцев

Dirksen

2006

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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On Kamchatka, detailed geologic and geomorphologic mapping of young volcanic terrains and observations on historical eruptions reveal that landslides of various scales, from small (0.001 km 3 ) to catastrophic (up to 20-30 km 3 ), are widespread. Moreover, these processes are among the most effective and most rapid geomorphic agents. Of 30 recently active Kamchatka volcanoes, at least 18 have experienced sector collapses, some of them repetitively. The largest sector collapses identified so far on Kamchatka volcanoes, with volumes of 20-30 km 3 of resulting debris-avalanche deposits, occurred at Shiveluch and Avachinsky volcanoes in the Late Pleistocene. During the last 10,000 yr the most voluminous sector collapses have occurred on extinct Kamen' (4-6 km 3 ) and active Kambalny (5-10 km 3 ) volcanoes. The largest number of repetitive debris avalanches (> 10 during just the Holocene) has occurred at Shiveluch volcano. Landslides from the volcanoes cut by ring-faults of the large collapse calderas were ubiquitous. Large failures have happened on both mafic and silicic volcanoes, mostly related to volcanic activity. Orientation of collapse craters is controlled by local tectonic stress fields rather than regional fault systems.Specific features of some debris avalanche deposits are toreva blocks -huge almost intact fragments of volcanic edifices involved in the failure; some have been erroneously mapped as individual volcanoes. One of the largest toreva blocks is Mt. Monastyr' -a ∼ 2 km 3 piece of Avachinsky Somma involved in a major sector collapse 30-40 ka BP.Long-term forecast of sector collapses on Kliuchevskoi, Koriaksky, Young Cone of Avachinsky and some other volcanoes highlights the importance of closer studies of their structure and stability.

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Section: Geological Background and Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volcanoes Of the Central Kamchatka Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1956, Novy dome has been growing inside the collapse crater. On June 30, 1985, a large (∼ 0.05 km 3 ) landslide from the dome triggered an explosive eruption (Melekestsev, 2006).…”

Section: Volcanoes Of the Central Kamchatka Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volcanoes Of the Central Kamchatka Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sector collapses and large landslides on Late Pleistocene–Holocene volcanoes in Kamchatka, Russia

Пономарева

Мелекесцев

Dirksen

2006

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…1, 2а). Современная структура вулкана включает в себя три основных объекта: вулкан Старый Шивелуч (3283 м), кальдера и активный андезитовый вулкан Молодой Шивелуч (~ 2500 м) [Меняйлов, 1955;Melekestsev et al, 1991] 2001; 09.05.2004; 27.02.2005; 22.09.2005; 29.03.2007; 27.10.2010 Ключевской 22.03.2003-03.03.2004; 15.01-10.04.2005; 15.02-26.07.2007; 08.10.2008-28.01.2009; 17.09.2009-12.12.2010; 01.09.2012-10.01.2013; 15.08-15.12.2013; 01.01-24.03.2015; 03.04-06.11.2016 Безымянный 2000-2016; сильные эксплозивные события: 13.03.2000; 01.11.2000; 06.08.2001; 16.12.2001; 25.12.2002; 26.07.2003; 13.01.2004; 18.06.2004; 11.01.2005; 30.11.2005; 09.05.2006; 24.12.2006; 11.05.2007; 14-15.10.2007; 05.11.2007; 19.08.2008; 16-17.12.2009; 31.05.2010; 13.04 2002; 17.04-16.06.2003; 10.03-07.04.2005; 19.03-07.04.2007; 19.08-20.10.2007; 29.07-15.08.2008; 15-19.02.2015; 28-31.03.2016; 27.07.2016; 18-30.08.2016 В 2016 г. продолжался рост лавового купола (выжимание вязкой лавы в его северной части), фумарольная активность и раскаленные лавины сопровождали этот процесс. Весь год в районе вулкана регистрировалась термальная аномалия (рис.…”

Section: краткая характеристика активностиunclassified

2016 volcano eruptions in Kamchatka and the Northern Kuriles and their danger to aviation

Гирина

Manevich

Melnikov

et al. 2019

Вулканология и сейсмология

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Strong explosive volcanic eruptions are extremely dangerous to the modern jet aircraft as they can produce several cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and aerosols that can be sent to the atmosphere and the stratosphere in several hours to several days during the eruption. In 2016, five from thirty active volcanoes erupted in Kamchatka (Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karymsky, and Zhupanovsky) and three from six active volcanoes in the Northern Kuriles (Alaid, Ebeko, and Chikurachki). Effusive volcanic activity was noted at Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny and Alaid. All the volcanoes produced explosive activity. Strong explosive events occurred at Sheveluch mainly from September till December. Moderate ash emission had accompanied of Klyuchevskoy’s eruption through March till November. Explosive activity at Karymsky, Zhupanovsky, Alaid, and Chikurachki volcanoes was observed mainly in the first half of the year. The total area covered by ash in 2016 was estimated 600,000 km2, from which 460,000 km2 were related to the eruptions of Kamchatka volcanoes and 140,000 km2 were attributed to the eruption of the North Kuriles volcanoes. The activity at Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, and Zhupanovsky was dangerous to international and local airlines as explosions produced ash up to 10-12 km above sea level. The activity at Bezymianny, Karymsky, Alaid, Ebeko, and Chikurachki posed a threat to local aircrafts when explosions sent ash up to 5 km above sea level.

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Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: a post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective

Siebert,

Reid

2023

Bull Volcanol

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The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was instrumental in advancing understanding of how volcanoes work. Lateral edifice collapses and the generation of volcanic debris avalanches were not widely recognized prior to that eruption, making assessment of their hazards and risks challenging. The proliferation of studies since 1980 on resulting deposits and evaluation of processes leading to their generation has built on the insights from the 1980 eruption. Volcano-related destabilizing phenomena, such as strength reduction by hydrothermal alteration, deformation and structural modifications from shallow magma intrusion, and thermal pressurization of pore fluids supplement those factors also affecting nonvolcanic slopes and can lead to larger failures. Remote and ground-based monitoring techniques can aid in detecting potentially destabilizing dynamic processes and in forecasting the size and location of future large lateral collapses, although forecasting remains a topic of investigation. More than a thousand large lateral collapse events likely ≥ 0.01 km3 in volume have now been identified from deposits or inferred from source area morphology, leading to a recognition of their importance in the evolution of volcanoes and the hazards they pose. Criteria for recognition of debris-avalanche deposits include morphological factors and textural characteristics from outcrop to microscopic scale, allowing discrimination from other volcaniclastic deposits. Lateral edifice failure impacts a broad spectrum of volcanic structures in diverse tectonic settings and can occur multiple times during the evolution of individual volcanoes. Globally, collapses ≥ 0.1 km3 in volume have been documented 5–6 times per century since 1500 CE, with about one per century having a volume ≥ 1 km3. Smaller events < 0.1 km3 are underrepresented in the earlier record but also have high hazard impact.

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Large Modern Collapses on the Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka: Causes and Mechanism of Formation

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Sector collapses and large landslides on Late Pleistocene–Holocene volcanoes in Kamchatka, Russia

Sector collapses and large landslides on Late Pleistocene–Holocene volcanoes in Kamchatka, Russia

2016 volcano eruptions in Kamchatka and the Northern Kuriles and their danger to aviation

Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: a post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective

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