Large-scale experiments on tsunami inundation and overtopping forces at vertical sea walls

McGovern, David; Allsop, William; Rossetto, Tiziana; Chandler, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2022.104222

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Developments such as the pneumatic tsunami simulator, TS, (Chandler et al, 2021), large wave paddles (Schimmels et al, 2016) and pump driven systems (Goseberg et al, 2013) have allowed full incident tsunami time series to be reproduced at large enough scales to provide reliable physical modelling data. These developments have enabled new insights into the time-varying influence of tsunami waves on run-up (McGovern et al, 2018), buildings (Foster et al, 2017), coastal structures (McGovern et al, 2022) and in particular the scour of sediments around these structures (McGovern et al, 2019). These advances are changing the way engineers and others design and plan for tsunami.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami Ping-Pong: Generating The Whole Tsunami Event

CHANDLER,

ROSSETTO,

ADAMS

et al. 2024

CoastLab

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Considerable progress has been made over the past two decades in modelling representative tsunami waves in the laboratory. Developments such as the pneumatic tsunami simulator, TS, (Chandler et al, 2021), large wave paddles (Schimmels et al, 2016) and pump driven systems (Goseberg et al, 2013) have allowed full incident tsunami time series to be reproduced at large enough scales to provide reliable physical modelling data. These developments have enabled new insights into the time-varying influence of tsunami waves on run-up (McGovern et al, 2018), buildings (Foster et al, 2017), coastal structures (McGovern et al, 2022) and in particular the scour of sediments around these structures (McGovern et al, 2019). These advances are changing the way engineers and others design and plan for tsunami. However we are still only modelling ‘half the story’. In all existing published studies, the experiments simulated the effect of a single incident wave. We have so far ignored two significant elements of real tsunami events. Firstly, the rundown or return flow and secondly, the effect of multiple waves within a wave train. Both these aspects are difficult to model physically, particularly as the return flow and subsequent waves require a representative topography downstream of a test section. In most facilities there is not enough flume left to create this overland topography. In addition, changing this bathymetry to represent different scenarios such as a coastal plain or a small foreshore and an inland cliff, requires significant modelling effort and cost. To solve these challenges we propose the use of two TSs facing each other with the test section in between. This concept is shown in Figure 1. This extended abstract presents data from initial trials of the dual TS system conducted at HR Wallingford in 2023 during a three-day test window as part of the MAKEWAVES collaboration. The importance of simulating the return flow from a tsunami is demonstrated through its influence on scour around a rectangular building.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami Ping-Pong: Generating The Whole Tsunami Event

CHANDLER,

ROSSETTO,

ADAMS

et al. 2024

CoastLab

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“…One potential consequence arising from Indonesia's location in the Ring of Fire is the occurrence of tsunamis. A tsunami is an extreme wave of progressive gravity of exceptionally long-shallow water produced by the impulsive displacement of the seafloor, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity or seafloor landslides (Batzakis et al, 2020;Mandey et al, 2021;McGovern et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability Analysis of School Buildings to Tsunami in the Cilacap Coastal Area

Dewa,

Nirwansyah,

Dewi

et al. 2023

For. Geo.

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Cilacap is one of several areas that experienced significant damage due to the Pangandaran tsunami in 2007. Currently, tsunamis are one of the most serious threats to coastal areas as they can cause devastation to the function of coastal areas. The physical environment can extensively affect the probability of damage caused by tsunamis. In addition, it is critical to maintain building stability as a substantial component in the integrated management efforts of coastal areas. The aim of this research is to assess the physical susceptibility and the vulnerability of school buildings to tsunami, particularly senior high school buildings (known as SMA/MA) located in the coastal area of the Cilacap region. This research is essential for the continuity of learning and teaching activities in the coastal area. Therefore, mapping the physical environment and school buildings in the coastal area of the Cilacap region is necessary. In this study, the physical approach method and Papathoma Vulnerability Tsunami Assessment (PVTA) model were optimally applied to assess coastal vulnerabilities to tsunami. Ultimately, the results were further evaluated by using cross-tabulation. The results confirm that specific coastal areas were categorised as having “moderate to high” susceptibility. Simultaneously, owing to the field survey, we determined that school buildings at this location were made of simple reinforced concrete materials. Notwithstanding that the vulnerability of the school buildings were low, the conditions were deemed to be reasonably harmful given that the schools were located in a “moderate to high” susceptibility. The results of this study have implications for the level of potential physical susceptibility of the coastal areas and the vulnerability of school buildings to tsunamis in the Cilacap region.

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Tsunami risk mitigation: the role of evacuation routes, preparedness and urban planning

Ferreira,

Oliveira,

Francisco

2024

Nat Hazards

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The southwestern Portuguese coast, particularly the Algarve region, is at significant risk of an earthquake exceeding magnitude 8, which could generate a destructive tsunami. Coastal areas such as Quarteira and Vilamoura in the Loulé municipality are especially vulnerable due to their dense population of permanent residents and seasonal tourists, compounded by the long distances required to reach safety zones. Despite the known seismic and tsunami hazards, there have been limited studies that develop tailored mitigation strategies specific to tsunami evacuation. This study contributes to the tsunami science by evaluating potential building damages due to shaking and tsunami impact and providing decision support for evacuation strategies. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), tsunami scenarios are modeled based on historical seismic events, such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, to identify high-risk coastal zones and optimize evacuation routes, considering local topography and population density. Additionally, wave propagation and arrival times are analyzed to ensure timely access to population escape and to mitigate damage to critical infrastructures. Our findings contribute to the developing a comprehensive tsunami risk mitigation strategy for the Loulé municipality, focusing on prevention, public safety, and emergency preparedness. This research supports land use planning, disaster risk reduction, and emergency planning decisions while also advancing the understanding of urban risk by addressing hazards, exposure, and vulnerability in coastal areas. Key objectives of this study include acquiring and implementing historical tsunami data, assessing recommending evaluating the region´s vulnerability, and recommendations for good practices and mitigation measures. The study emphasizes the importance of raising public awareness, enhancing governance, and strengthening capacity to effectively reduce disaster risks.

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Large-scale experiments on tsunami inundation and overtopping forces at vertical sea walls

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Tsunami Ping-Pong: Generating The Whole Tsunami Event

Tsunami Ping-Pong: Generating The Whole Tsunami Event

Vulnerability Analysis of School Buildings to Tsunami in the Cilacap Coastal Area

Tsunami risk mitigation: the role of evacuation routes, preparedness and urban planning

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