Large-Scale Modeling and DR Control of Electric Water Heaters With Energy Star and CTA-2045 Control Types in Distribution Power Systems

Gong, Huangjie; Jones, Evan S.; Jakaria, A H M; Huque, Aminul; Renjit, Ajit A.; Ionel, Dan M.

doi:10.1109/tia.2022.3178066

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…OpenDSS (Version 9.6.1.2), an electric power distribution system simulator, plays a vital role in supporting the integration of DGs and modernizing the grid. This versatile, customizable, and user-friendly tool is increasingly being employed in various research projects [27]. The DN models within OpenDSS encompass most components of a DN, including DGs like PV and WT ones, and the engine can efficiently solve time-series three-phase unbalanced power flow simulations.…”

Section: Modeling Of the Adnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Reconfiguration Framework for CO2 Emission Reduction and Line Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks Using Swarm Optimization Algorithms

Lin,

Hsiao,

Huang

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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This paper presents the development of a generic active distribution network (ADN) operation simulation framework that incorporates selected swarm optimization algorithms (SOAs) for the purpose of reducing CO2 emissions and line loss minimization through network reconfiguration (NR). The framework has been implemented in the ADN of Taipower. Network data, provided by the Distribution Mapping Management System and Distribution Dispatch Control Center (DDCC) of Taipower, were converted into an OpenDSS script to create ADN models. The SOA is integrated into the framework and utilized to determine the statuses of both four-way and two-way switches in the planning and operating stages, in accordance with the proposed multi-objective function and operational constraints. The weightings for these decisions can be customized by distribution operators to meet their specific requirements. In this paper, the weighting for line loss reduction is set to one for minimizing CO2 emissions. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed ADN framework can recommend a feeder switching scheme to distribution operators, aiming to balance feeder loading and minimize the neutral line current. Finally, this approach leads to reduced line losses and minimizes CO2 emissions. In contrast to relying solely on historical operational experience, this generic ADN reconfiguration framework offers a systematic approach that can significantly contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing the operational efficiency of ADNs.

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Section: Modeling Of the Adnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Reconfiguration Framework for CO2 Emission Reduction and Line Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks Using Swarm Optimization Algorithms

Lin,

Hsiao,

Huang

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Previous reports, including field deployment in [15,22], show that industry has interest in developing further the CTA-2045 communication protocol and there is support for widespread adoption. A preliminary case study by this same group of authors using CTA-2045 for GES-based controls of a large group of EWHs in a modified IEEE-123 bus system [23] is detailed in this paper to address the bouncing effect of spikes in power following control periods with sequential implementation.…”

Section: Technology Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this paper, the proposed methodology has been applied to a benchmark distribution system (Figure 3a), the IEEE 123 bus [9], in OpenDSS using the Python plug-in to establish sustainable EWH controls based on industry standards for DR. In a previous paper by the authors [23], including preliminary CTA-2045 controls case studies, the original load across all nodes was replaced with a total of 353 residential load profiles, each with a maximum power usage of 10 kW or less from the SET project [39], a large experimental dataset of more than 5000 homes. Only profiles with typical residential daily usage of 20 to 40 kWh and no missing data points are selected.…”

Section: Benchmark Distributions System With Representative Hwd and Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Water Heater Modeling for Large-Scale Distribution Power Systems Studies with Energy Storage CTA-2045 Based VPP and CVR

Alden

Gong²,

Rooney³

et al. 2023

Energies

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As the smart grid involves more new technologies such as electric vehicles (EVs) and distributed energy resources (DERs), more attention is needed in research to general energy storage (GES) based energy management systems (EMS) that account for all possible load shifting and control strategies, specifically with major appliances that are projected to continue electrification such as the electric water heater (EWH). In this work, a methodology for a modified single-node model of a resistive EWH is proposed with improved internal tank temperature for user comfort modeling and capabilities for conservation voltage reduction (CVR) simulations as well as Energy Star and Consumer Technology Association communications protocol (CTA-2045) compliant controls, including energy storage calculations for “energy take”. Daily and weekly simulations are performed on a representative IEEE test feeder distribution system with experimental load and hot water draw (HWD) profiles to consider user comfort. Sequential controls are developed to reduce power spikes from controls and lead to peak shavings. It is found that EWHs are suitable for virtual power plant (VPP) operation with sustainable tank temperatures, i.e., average water temperature is maintained at set-point or above at the end of the control period while shifting up to 78% of EWH energy out of shed windows per day and 75% over a week, which amounts to up to 23% of the total load shifted on the example power system. While CVR simulations reduced the peak power of individual EWHs, the aggregation effect at the distribution level negates this reduction in power for the community. The EWH is shown as an energy constant load without consistent benefit from CVR across the example community with low energy reductions of less than 0.1% and, in some cases, increased daily energy by 0.18%.

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Design and implementation of a data-driven intelligent water heating system for an island community: A case study

Gough

Rakhsia

Amaro³

et al. 2023

Energy Conversion and Management

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Large-Scale Modeling and DR Control of Electric Water Heaters With Energy Star and CTA-2045 Control Types in Distribution Power Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Network Reconfiguration Framework for CO2 Emission Reduction and Line Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks Using Swarm Optimization Algorithms

Network Reconfiguration Framework for CO2 Emission Reduction and Line Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks Using Swarm Optimization Algorithms

Electric Water Heater Modeling for Large-Scale Distribution Power Systems Studies with Energy Storage CTA-2045 Based VPP and CVR

Design and implementation of a data-driven intelligent water heating system for an island community: A case study

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