Large scale production of short functionalized carbon nanotubes

Kónya, Zoltán; Vesselényi, István; Niesz, Krisztián; Demortier, Aline; Fonseca, A.; Delhalle, Joseph; Mekhalif, Zineb; Nagy, J.B.; Koós, Antal A.; Osváth, Z.; Kocsonya, A.; Biró, L. P.; Kiricsi, Imre

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00900-4

Cited by 182 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Modification of CNTs has thus led to the creation of new functional and construction materials. 11 Doping of the carbonaceous materials with non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] boron, [20][21][22][23][24] sulphur, [25][26][27][28][29] oxygen [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and halogens 11,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] has been explored over the past two decades. Modification of the carbon surface and electronic properties has also been explored but the effect of chlorine (Cl) on the morphology of carbon nanomaterials is not well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that incorporation of Cl in the CNMs results in surface functionalization, [41][42][43][44] ease of purification, 40,43,45,46 increased yields [47][48][49] and surface restructuring. 49,50 The presence of chlorine atoms thus produces materials with increased inner diameters, which results in filling of CNTs with metal particles [51][52][53] and provides a chemically modified pathway to an ordered carbon product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Chlorine-functionalized CNTs were also produced in the gas phase using a ball-milling method. 42 Purification of CNTs with Cl in both the liquid phase (using CCl 4 ) and the gas phase to remove metal particles showed that the gas phase was more effective, but a high concentration of Cl on the surface was loaded in the liquid phase. 43 Purification and growth of vertically aligned MWCNTs in the presence of Cl was also reported, which resulted in the synthesis of CNT arrays with 3.5 mm height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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The effect of chlorine on the morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared from a Fe-Co/CaCO 3 catalyst was investigated using chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethane (TCE) and tetrachloroethane (TTCE) as chlorine sources using a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Toluene was used as a chlorine-free carbon source for comparison. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the CNTs were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The inner and outer diameters of the MWCNTs increased with an increase in the number of chlorine atoms contained in the reactant. Chlorine incorporation into the MWCNTs was observed by EDS analysis for all reactants. Formation of 'bamboo-like' structures for the MWCNTs generated from TCE and TTCE was also observed, facilitated by the presence of the high percentage of chlorine in these reactants. Numerous MWCNTs revealed the presence of small carbon nanostructures that grew on top of the dominant CNTs, suggesting an unexpected secondary carbon growth mechanism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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“…Alternative -dry‖ processes are also being developed such as the ball-milling of CNTs in reactive atmospheres for example [11]. This technique was used to graft different chemical groups at the ends of cup-stacked CNTs resulting in the decrease of the average length of CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Grafting of Primary Amines onto Carbon Nanotubes via Free-Radical Treatment in Microwave Plasma Post-Discharge

et al. 2012

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Abstract:A novel strategy to graft functional groups at the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is discussed. Aiming at grafting nitrogen containing groups, and more specifically primary amine covalent functionalization, CNTs were exposed under atomic nitrogen flow arising from an Ar + N 2 microwave plasma. The primary amine functions were identified and quantified through chemical derivatization with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde and characterized through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The increase of the selectivity in the primary amines grafting onto CNTs, up to 66.7% for treatment of CNT powder, was performed via the reduction of post-treatment oxygen contamination and the addition of hydrogen in the experimental set-up, more particularly in the plasma post-discharge chamber. The analyses of nitrogenated and primary amine functions grafting on the CNT surface suggest that atomic nitrogen (N•) and reduced nitrogen species (NH• and NH 2 •) react preferentially with defect sites of CNTs and, then, only atomic nitrogen continues to react on the CNT surface, creating defects. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2012, 4 297

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“…Egyes kísérletekhez módosított, gazdagabb felszíni kémiával rendelkező CNT-et használtunk. Egyik esetben, a nanocsövek golyósmalomban történő aprítása során körülbelül 15 g, előzetesen megtisztított nanocsövet rázattunk rozsdamentes acéldobban 100 darab 5-7 mm átmérőjű rozsdamentes acélgolyóval 12 órán keresztül levegő atmoszférában 226,227 . A malom vibrációs mozgása következtében mozgó golyók ütközései révén alakultak ki a rövidebb, nyitott és funkcionalizált nanocsövek.…”

Section: Termogravimetriás Analízis (Tg-dtg-dta)unclassified

Nanorészecske-szén nanocső nanokompozitok előállítása, jellemzése és katalitikus tulajdonságainak vizsgálata

Sápi¹

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Large scale production of short functionalized carbon nanotubes

Cited by 182 publications

References 14 publications

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Selective Grafting of Primary Amines onto Carbon Nanotubes via Free-Radical Treatment in Microwave Plasma Post-Discharge

Nanorészecske-szén nanocső nanokompozitok előállítása, jellemzése és katalitikus tulajdonságainak vizsgálata

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