Larvicidal effects of some plant seed extracts on Anopheles annularis Vander Wulp and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Larvicidal effects of distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol, acetone and methanol extracts on seed of four plants viz. Sinapis alba (Linn.), Carica papaya (Linn.), Momordica charantia (Linn.) and Capsicum annuum (Linn.) were studied upon the mosquito larvae of Anopheles annularis Vander Wulp and Culex quinquefasciatus Say under normal laboratory conditions with average temperature and relative humidity of 31.1oC and 57.6%, respectively. Percentage mortality, probit mortality, chi-square and ANOVA values for the larvae, extracts and concentrations were calculated for 24 hours exposure period. Mortality was dose dependent. The values of LC50 of the seeds of S. alba on An. annularis at the application doses for the distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol, acetone and methanol extracts were 3431.791, 1038.363, 1254.810 and 2269.975 ppm, respectively; for C. papaya were 804.008, 403.294, 597.165 and 573.241 ppm, respectively; for M. charantia were 10593.241, 5017.710, 5650.191 and 6075.204 ppm, respectively; and for C. annuum were 1274.968, 4637.201, 1604.852 and 1905.692 ppm, respectively. The values of LC50 of S. alba seeds on Cx. quinquefasciatus at the application doses for the distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol, acetone and methanol extracts were 1415.311, 432.996, 569.701 and 770.250 ppm, respectively; for C. papaya were 705.599, 385.688, 341.003 and 481.067 ppm, respectively; for M. charantia were 7764.154, 4496.464, 5353.759 and 5825.031 ppm, respectively; and for C. annuum were 2173.631, 1311.538, 78.748 and 182.869 ppm, respectively. Of the four plant seed extracts, C. papaya seed extracts were the most toxic for both the mosquito species.
 J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 41-52

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“…All the extracts without any larvicidal effect of 12 th -day except P. harmala extract (52.0%) mortality. The residual action in the present study; 12 days for for P. angulate, P. harmala, T. polium, and T. vulgaris was closed to 15 days [19] and 28 days [8] .…”

“…Cluex pipines molestus potential blood feeder, autogenous and successfully adapted to subterranean habitats [6] . Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program considered larval stage is the weak linkage in the mosquito life cycle, because the larvae are the most sensitive stage than others life stages [7][8][9] . Today, significant research numbers deal with mosquito control by bio-insectides, which are applied as alternatives to growing problems of overuse synthetic insecticides [10,11] .…”