Laser-assisted selective and localized surface transformation of titanium to anatase, rutile, and mixed phase nanostructures

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been a key material in a wide range of applications such as catalysis, energy harvesting, and antibacterial surfaces. Typically, different TiO2 phases are first synthesized and then coated onto the test parts. Here, the authors demonstrate a direct method for the formation of TiO2 nanostructures and patterns with rutile, anatase, and mixed phases by a controlled laser-assisted surface modification approach on additive manufacturing titanium parts. A tunable nanosecond fiber laser coupled to a galvo scanner was employed to regulate the laser material for a controlled and localized transformation process in an oxygen environment. The influence of processing conditions such as scanning speed, laser power, laser pulse duration, frequency, and gas flow rate on the selective formation of rutile, anatase, and mixed phases was studied. The structural evolutions and morphology have been investigated using different characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy methods. The main advantage of this laser-assisted process is its ability to create selective TiO2 phases on complex titanium parts such as implants.

Effects of TiS2 on Inhibiting Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Its Compatibility with Human Gingival Fibroblasts in Titanium Implants

“…For solid materials, this energy is absorbed near the surface, modifying the surface chemistry, multiscale morphology, and/or crystal structure without impacting the bulk material. We performed systematic experiments and comprehensive characterizations on the samples to understand and optimize the surface structuring and material growth processes. ,, Five sets of surfaces were fabricated and studied in this work, including smooth, laser-structured, and TiS 2 (discussed in the body of this paper as shown in Figure ) as well as anatase and rutile TiO 2 (see Supporting Information) coated samples. The smooth samples were the as-purchased samples with original surfaces without any modifications.…”

“…A laser marking software (Laser Studio Professional) was used to control the process parameters (e.g., pulse width, power, number of pulses, repetition rate, scan speed, and overlap) for each sample. 20,21 4.1.2. TiS 2 Sample Preparation.…”

“…A galvo scanner with an F-theta lens, coupled with the laser beam (103 mm focal length), produced an 18 μm focal size and a 1 to 5000 mm/s scanning speed range. A laser marking software (Laser Studio Professional) was used to control the process parameters (e.g., pulse width, power, number of pulses, repetition rate, scan speed, and overlap) for each sample. , …”

“…One of the current strategies for decreasing the potential fungal adherence is concentrated on the development of coating materials and/or surface modifications of titanium implants, for example, with TiO 2 nanomaterial. The goal of these modifications has been to repel or inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation. − The promising results of such surface modifications have inspired researchers to investigate other potential coatings with enhanced performances.…”

Laser-assisted growth of hierarchically architectured 2D MoS2 crystals on metal substrate for potential energy applications

“…Lasers applications in the synthesis and processing of 2D and other related energy materials has been an attractive area for large-scale, roll-to-roll, and low-cost manufacturing of energy devices [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Recently, laser processing has been become an attractive tool for enhancing manufacturing and improving battery performance.…”