Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) for marine environments

Two-phase gas-liquid flow in concentric and fully eccentric annuli. Part I: Flow patterns, holdup, slip ratio and pressure gradient

“…It is, however, a big challenge to capture dynamic flow phenomena in an eccentric annulus geometry due to the narrow gap, asymmetry and overall complexity. The recent development in X-ray tomography and PIV systems (Hu et al, 2009;Hu et al, 2010;Sveen, 2013) have been very useful for capturing cross-sectional phase and velocity data.…”