Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope on Chandrayaan-2 Rover:A Miniaturized Mid-UV to Visible Active Spectrometer for Lunar Surface Chemistry Studies

Laxmiprasad, A. S.; Sridhar, Raja V. L. N.; Goswami, Adwaita; Lohar, K. A.; Rao, M V Hanumantha; Shila, K. V.; Mahajan, Monika; Raha, Bijoy; Smaran, T. S.; KrishnamPrasad, B.

doi:10.18520/cs/v118/i4/573-581

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, for accurate temperature evaluation, which is often in demand in most situations, we may adopt SBP and MESBP methods. Apart from these, we also need to consider the proper calibration of the detectors, self-absorption corrections of prominent emission lines, and laser pulse energy stabilization to reduce the uncertainty in analytical measurements with the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique [41][42][43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of intensity error on temperature estimation in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a numerical study

John,

Anoop

2023

Laser Phys.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a cutting-edge technique for the compositional analysis of multi-element materials. Under standard circumstances for laser-induced plasma (T e = 1 eV and N e = 1016 cm−3), we simulated the emission spectrum of a binary alloy (with 70 wt.% Cu–30 wt.% Al). We used the Saha ionization equilibrium formulas to calculate the population of neutral and ionized species of each constituent element, and the Boltzmann distribution to estimate the intensities of emission lines with radiative transition probabilities. The Stark broadening equation is then used to determine the line broadening, yielding a Lorentzian profile for each line. The sum of line emissions of all constituent species will approximate the alloy’s LIBS spectra in an assumption of ideal analytical plasma. Then, we generated random errors in the intensities of spectral lines ranging from 5% to 35%. To investigate temperature estimation accuracy, we utilized three well-established approaches: the Boltzmann plot (BP) method, the Saha–Boltzmann plot (SBP) method, and the Multi-elemental SBP (MESBP) method. As intensity error increases from 5% to 35%, the estimated temperature in the BP method deviates from 0.25% to 18.3%. Whereas the intensity error is almost unaffected using the SBP method and the MESBP method. The temperature deviation is less than 2% in both situations. This study is relevant to calibration-free LIBS, in which the exact temperature determination is crucial for the abundance estimation of trace, major, and minor elements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of intensity error on temperature estimation in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a numerical study

John,

Anoop

2023

Laser Phys.

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“…15 Laxmiprasad et al investigated the elemental composition of lunar regolith and pebbles on the moon's surface using a laserinduced breakdown spectroscope (LIBS) own in the Chandrayaan-2 mission to the moon, which is one of the scientic instruments on the Pragyan rover. 16 Several studies 17,18 have shown that using the so-called attop laser beam prole having uniform energy distribution can improve the laser interaction process and efficiency. 19,20 In addition, it has been reported that a more homogeneous intensity distribution of the at-top prole contributes more energy to the ablation process, resulting in less heating of the material and, thus, higher ablation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Laxmiprasad et al investigated the elemental composition of lunar regolith and pebbles on the moon's surface using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscope (LIBS) flown in the Chandrayaan-2 mission to the moon, which is one of the scientific instruments on the Pragyan rover. 16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavefront-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (WELIBS) utilizing a crystalline silicon wafer for a flat-top IR laser beam

Abdel-Harith,

El-Saeid,

Abdelazeem

et al. 2024

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Another LIBS instrument for space exploration was developed as a payload for the small rover of India's Chandrayaan-2 mission, aimed at exploring the lunar surface [9,10]. Although the lander experienced a failed soft landing in 2019, a second attempt in 2023 was reported as successful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Instrument for In-Situ Exploration with the DLR Lightweight Rover Unit (LRU)

Schröder,

Seel,

Dietz

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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In the framework of the Helmholtz ARCHES project, a multitude of robots, including rovers and drones, were prepared for the autonomous exploration of a test site at the foothills of Mt. Etna, Sicily—a terrain resembling extraterrestrial locations such as the Moon. To expand the suite of tools and sensors available for the exploration and investigation of the test site, we developed a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument for the geochemical analysis of local geological samples. In alignment with the mission scenario, this instrument is housed in a modular payload box that can be attached to the robotic arm of the Lightweight Rover Unit 2 (LRU2), allowing the rover to use the instrument autonomously in the field. A compact Nd:YAG laser is utilized for material ablation, generating a micro-plasma that is subsequently analyzed with a small fiber-coupled spectrometer. A single-board computer controls the LIBS hardware components for data acquisition. In this study, we provide details of the ARCHES LIBS instrument implementation, report on preceding laboratory tests where the LRU2 operated the LIBS module for the first time, and showcase the results obtained during the successful ARCHES space analogue demonstration mission campaign in summer 2022 in Sicily.

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Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope on Chandrayaan-2 Rover:A Miniaturized Mid-UV to Visible Active Spectrometer for Lunar Surface Chemistry Studies

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of intensity error on temperature estimation in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a numerical study

Impact of intensity error on temperature estimation in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a numerical study

Wavefront-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (WELIBS) utilizing a crystalline silicon wafer for a flat-top IR laser beam

A Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Instrument for In-Situ Exploration with the DLR Lightweight Rover Unit (LRU)

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