Laser induced damage enhancement due to stainless steel deposition on KS-4V and KU1 quartz glasses

Martin, P.; Moroño, Á.; Hodgson, E.R.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.162

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Under experimental conditions a gold layer 5 nm thick reduces the external transmission of silica at 1064 nm from ∼93% to about 60% [28]. The effect of a sputtered layer of stainless steel was smaller: a 70 nm layer reduced transmission to 88% [29]. For mirrors we can speculate that to maintain 99.97% reflectance one would need to ensure that any metallic impurity layer is no more than a fraction of a nanometre thick.…”

Section: Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Laser photodetachment neutraliser for negative ion beams

Kovari

Crowley

2010

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Section: Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Laser photodetachment neutraliser for negative ion beams

Kovari

Crowley

2010

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…Hou et al obtained the change curve of damage size with the radius of impurity particle and energy density by controlling parameters [24]. Martin et al determined the damage probability under different laser power densities by using a 7 ns Nd:YAG laser with a maximum energy of 330 mJ [25]. Tian et al and, Lamaignère et al also measured the damage density [26][27][28].…”

Section: Parameter Control and Damage Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complicated morphologies and instructive mechanism of laser-induced bulk damage in transparent materials

Fu¹,

Zhou²,

Feng³

et al. 2021

Laser Phys. Lett.

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Laser-induced bulk impurity damage has always been a difficult issue in optical systems, affecting the signal-to-noise ratio, beam quality, and other vital laser parameters. In this study, the generation mechanism of bulk damage morphology is demonstrated through a combination of experiment and theory. The growth mechanism is then represented through parameter control. Finally, a general conclusion of bulk damage generation is obtained alongside a reasonable control range of dangerous parameters. The damage area is described comprehensively, and the guiding conclusions of dangerous parameters are given, providing theoretical support for precision optics processing, high-power laser design and other projects.

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“…The effect is strongly material dependent and requires further examination. Furthermore, self-cleaning with subthreshold laser pulses is not effective for all deposited materials [262][263][264]. Even more recently severe degradation of the optical and electrical properties of KS-4V due to surface bombardment by hydrogen ions has been reported [265].…”

Section: Randd Programme On Radiation Effects On Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 7: Diagnostics

et al. 2007

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In order to support the operation of ITER and the planned experimental programme an extensive set of plasma and first wall measurements will be required. The number and type of required measurements will be similar to those made on the present-day large tokamaks while the specification of the measurements-time and spatial resolutions, etc-will in some cases be more stringent. Many of the measurements will be used in the real time control of the plasma driving a requirement for very high reliability in the systems (diagnostics) that provide the measurements.The implementation of diagnostic systems on ITER is a substantial challenge. Because of the harsh environment (high levels of neutron and gamma fluxes, neutron heating, particle bombardment) diagnostic system selection and design has to cope with a range of phenomena not previously encountered in diagnostic design. Extensive design and R&D is needed to prepare the systems. In some cases the environmental difficulties are so severe that new diagnostic techniques are required.The starting point in the development of diagnostics for ITER is to define the measurement requirements and develop their justification. It is necessary to include all the plasma parameters needed to support the basic and advanced operation (including active control) of the device, machine protection and also those needed to support the physics programme. Once the requirements are defined, the appropriate (combination of) diagnostic techniques can be selected and their implementation onto the tokamak can be developed. The selected list of diagnostics is an important guideline for identifying dedicated research and development needs in the area of ITER diagnostics.This paper gives a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the field of ITER diagnostics with emphasis on the implementation issues. After a discussion of the measurement requirements for plasma parameters in ITER and their justifications, recent progress in the field of diagnostics to measure a selected set of plasma parameters is presented. The integration of the various diagnostic systems onto the ITER tokamak is described. Generic research and development in the field of irradiation effects on materials and environmental effects on first mirrors are briefly presented. The paper ends with an assessment of the measurement capability for ITER and a forward of what will be gained from operation of the various diagnostic systems on ITER in preparation for the machines that will follow ITER. Performance assessment relative to requirements Design meets requirements S339 A.J.H. Donné et alPhysics Basis [7] and remains essentially the same. However, for ITER, the specific limits have changed. 2.1.2.Measurements needed for plasma control and evaluation. The measurements needed for plasma control and evaluation are naturally directly linked to the experimental programme, and particularly to the operating phase (i.e. H, D or D/T) and the operating scenario (H-mode, hybrid, etc). Since there is expected to be a phased introduction of po...

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Laser induced damage enhancement due to stainless steel deposition on KS-4V and KU1 quartz glasses

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Laser photodetachment neutraliser for negative ion beams

Laser photodetachment neutraliser for negative ion beams

Complicated morphologies and instructive mechanism of laser-induced bulk damage in transparent materials

Chapter 7: Diagnostics

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