Laser induced graphitization of PAN-based carbon fibers

Yang, Shen Hsi; Yang, Weimin; Li, Sanyang; Yao, Liangbo; Li, Haoyi; Cheng, Lisheng; Yan, Hua; Cao, Weiyu; Tan, Jing

doi:10.1039/c8ra00497h

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The precursor for carbon fiber today is polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and lignin has the potential to be used as an alternative to PAN in order to make the process a lot cheaper. Carbon fibers already have a wide range of applications, such as automobile industry, civil engineering, aircrafts and sport goods [35,36]. Activated carbons are characterized by their surface area and size of pores, and are great adsorbents of organic and inorganic substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin

Hemmilä

Hosseinpourpia

Αδαμόπουλος

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Understanding the properties of any particular biorefinery or pulping residue lignin is crucial when choosing the right lignin for the right end use. In this paper, three different residual lignin types [supercritical water hydrolysis lignin (SCWH), ammonium lignosulfonate (A-LS), and sodium lignosulfonate (S-LS)] were evaluated for their chemical structure, thermal properties and water vapor adsorption behavior. SCWH lignin was found to have a high amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the highest amount of β-O-4 linkages. Combined with a low ash content, it shows potential to be used for conversion into aromatic or platform chemicals. A-LS and S-LS had more aliphatic hydroxyl groups, aliphatic double bonds and C=O structures. All lignins had available C3/C5 positions, which can increase reactivity towards adhesive precursors. The glass transition temperature (Tg) data indicated that the SCWH and S-LS lignin types can be suitable for production of carbon fibers. Lignosulfonates exhibited considerable higher water vapor adsorption as compared to the SCWH lignin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the SCWH differed greatly from the lignosulfonates in purity, chemical structure, thermal stability and water sorption behavior. SCWH lignin showed great potential as raw material for aromatic compounds, carbon fibers, adhesives or polymers. Lignosulfonates are less suited for conversion into chemicals or carbon fibers, but due to the high amount of aliphatic hydroxyl groups, they can potentially be modified or used as adhesives, dispersants, or reinforcement material in polymers. For most value-adding applications, energy-intensive purification of the lignosulfonates would be required. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin

Hemmilä

Hosseinpourpia

Αδαμόπουλος

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…This method combines large-area graphene preparation and patterning with a single fabrication step without the need for expensive cleanroom equipment, wet chemical steps, reducing agents, solvents, subsequent treatments, or other supporting processes. This laser-induced graphene (LIG) has stimulated research in many areas, ranging from fundamental to applied sciences, investigating the laser graphitization process [41][42][43], effects of various lasers [44][45][46], environments [47,48], and lasing parameters [49][50][51], to the development of a large variety of flexible physical and chemical sensors. The latter utilizes LIG as an electrochemical transducer while incorporating additional chemical recognition systems and surface functionalization to interact with analytic molecules [52][53][54], such as glucose [55], tyrosine [56], dopamine [57], bisphenol [53], thrombin [58], ascorbic and uric acid [56].…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Sensors Based on Laser-Induced Graphene: A Review

Kaidarova

Kosel

2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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Physical sensors form the fundamental building blocks of a multitude of advanced applications that detect and monitor the surroundings and communicate the acquired physical data. The everlasting need for more compliant, low-cost, and energy-efficient sensor solutions has led to considerable interest in enhancing their features and operation limits even further. While graphene has emerged as a promising candidate material, due to its outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, it is still not available in large volumes for practical applications. Meanwhile, Laser-Induced Graphene has opened new perspectives for a versatile, durable, printed physical sensing platform capable of detecting various physical parameters across a range of conditions and subjects. In this review, LIG physical sensors were categorized into four broad types based on their transduction mechanism: mechanical, thermal, magnetic, and electromagnetic. We summaries various design strategies established for preparing reliable physical sensors without the involvement of chemical treatments, synthesis, and multi-step fabrication processes. The review considers the effects of laser choice, lasing environment, and parameters on graphene properties. We also discuss a broad spectrum of applications of LIG physical sensors in fields ranging from healthcare, tactile sensing, environmental monitoring, energy harvesting, and soft robotics to desalination and THz modulation.

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“…Malard et al have shown that the D ' band is independent of the edge structure; in other words, it is caused by defects in the internal structure. The I D /I G value is commonly considered as a rule of the defect concentration in graphite materials . In this study, we define the I D ’ /I G value as the defect concentration in the internal structure of carbon fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman spectroscopy was also utilized to investigate the chemical structure changes of HMCF during anodization. As shown in 19,20 In this study, we define the I D' /I G value as the defect concentration in the internal structure of carbon fibers. As shown in Figure 8B, it can be clearly found that the I D /I G value of HMCF-a is a little raise compared with that of untreated HMCF, while the I D /I G value of HMCF-aa is much higher than that of HMCF.…”

Section: Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on multistage anodization for high‐modulus carbon fiber

You

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Because of the strong chemical inertness of high‐modulus carbon fiber (HMCF), the surface treatment of HMCF becomes less effective. In this work, multistage anodization method was applied to modify HMCF. NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2SO4 were used as electrolytes to study the influence of electrolyte type on the oxidation effect in the multistage oxidation process. The HMCF was treated by multistage anodization in the following three ways: NH4HCO3 → NH4HCO3, (NH4)2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4, and NH4HCO3 → (NH4)2SO4. In order to compare with the multistage anodization methods, HMCF was also anodized by NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2SO4 using single anodization method, respectively. The treated HMCFs were characterized in detail using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and dynamic contact angle analysis, respectively. The results of XPS exhibited that HMCF modified by multistage anodization showed more functional groups on its surface. More sp2 hybridized bonds were converted into sp3 hybridized bonds after modification by multistage anodization, especially when (NH4)2SO4 was used as electrolyte. The results of SEM/AFM indicated that HMCF modified by multistage showed a greater surface roughness. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was used to observe the interfacial properties of HMCF between epoxy resin. The results showed that ILSS of untreated carbon fiber composite was only 27.3 MPa; it was increased to 71.8 and 78.6 MPa after treated with single anodization by NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2SO4, respectively. After modification by multistage anodization, the ILSS increased in different degrees compared with single anodization method. Especially, the ILSS reached 93.1 MPa when the method of using NH4HCO3 followed by (NH4)2SO4 was used to treat HMCF.

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Laser induced graphitization of PAN-based carbon fibers

Abstract: A new method based on laser technique is proposed to graphitize PAN-based CFs.

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin

Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin

Physical Sensors Based on Laser-Induced Graphene: A Review

Study on multistage anodization for high‐modulus carbon fiber

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