Laser-induced infrared characteristic analysis for evaluating joint deviation during austenitic stainless steel laser welding

Friction-stir lap-joining of aluminium-magnesium/poly-methyl-methacrylate hybrid structures: thermo-mechanical modelling and experimental feasibility study

“…Polymer/metal hybrid structures are more difficult to join by traditional techniques, mostly due to their large dissimilarity in physical, chemical and mechanical properties [3, 6]. Requirements for extensive surface treatments and long curing time for adhesive bonding as well as the stress concentration and weight penalty related to mechanical fastening [7] have motivated development of new joining methods such ultrasonic welding [8], induction welding [9], friction riveting [10], infrared welding [11], forced mixed extrusion [12], friction-stir welding [13], and laser welding [7]. For instance, Abibe et al [14] showed considerable improvements of mechanical properties with controlling the fracture behaviour in polymer/metal joints prepared by the injection clinching method, a technology based on staking and mechanical fastening; the feasibility of joining glass-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites with titanium (grade 2) using friction riveting was shown by Blaga et al [15]; Balle et al [16] reported that the quasi-static tensile shear strength of aluminium/carbon-fibre reinforced polymers prepared by ultrasonic spot welding could approach twice of that of the weakest base alloy [17]; an enhanced shear strength in AA2024/carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer hybrid structure was also shown [18-20]; Bergmann and Stambke [6] prepared polyamide/steel joints utilising a laser source and studied the influence of process parameters and surface conditions on the mechanical performance; Mitschang et al [21] employed induction welding to prepare of steel and Al–Mg alloy joint a carbon-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic with improved mechanical strength.…”