Laser-ionization mass-spectrometric studies on laser ablation of a nitrogen-rich polymer at 532 nm and 1064 nm

Kokai, Fumio; Koga, Yoshinori; Kakudate, Y.; Kawaguchi, Masayuki; Fujiwara, S.; Kubota, Masaaki; Fukuda, K.

doi:10.1007/bf00348234

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Such strong emissions of HCl from PVC by laser or heating is in agreement with many other studies. [11][12][13] They have shown that the thermal degradation of PVC proceeds in the following two stages. The first stage proceeds in the temperature range of 470 to 640 K. It corresponds to dehydrochlorination with the subsequent formation of conjugated double bonds, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Characteristics of a Laser Ablation Microthruster

Koizumi

Inoue

Komurasaki

et al. 2007

Trans. Japan Soc. Aero. S Sci.

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The fundamental characteristics of a laser ablation microthruster were investigated for a 10 kg-class microspacecraft. A single-shot impulse measurement was performed using a thrust stand on which a prototype thruster was installed and the associate ablated mass was estimated from the pressure increase in the space chamber. The best performance of several polymer materials was obtained using polyvinylchloride as the propellant. More heavily carbon doped polyvinylchloride showed higher performance, which means absorption length has a large effect on performance. The intensity of the laser beam on the ablation material was changed using constant laser power, and it was shown that intensity had little effect on the performance. This qualitative behavior agreed with the results of a simple thermal analysis. Mass spectroscopy of the ablation plume showed that the dominant reaction was dehydrochlorination in the range of 470 to 640 K, and the low-temperature reaction resulted in the best performance for polyvinylchloride.

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Section: Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Characteristics of a Laser Ablation Microthruster

Koizumi

Inoue

Komurasaki

et al. 2007

Trans. Japan Soc. Aero. S Sci.

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“…Mass spectrometric studies have been performed on various polymers under various conditions, e.g., as a function of irradiation wavelength and laser fluence [213]. Analysis of the ejected material has revealed ionic and neutral species with masses ranging from small degradation fragments [214,215], to the monomer (from unzipping reactions) [216,217], to carbon clusters [218], and finally to polymer fragments with molecular weights of up to 2,500 [168,219].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

150

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Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements.Keywords Laser ablation · Ablation mechanism · Photopolymers · Polyimide · Spectroscopy This was not always true, of course. For many years, the laser was viewed as "an answer in search of a question". That is, it was seen as an elegant device, but one with no real useful application outside of fundamental scientific research. In the last two to three decades however, numerous laser applications have moved from the laboratory to the industrial workplace or the commercial market. Lasers are unique energy sources characterized by their spectral purity, spatial and temporal coherence, and high average peak intensity. Each of these characteristics has led to applications that take advantage of these qualities: -Spatial coherence: e.g., remote sensing, range finding and many holographic techniques. -Spectral purity: e.g., atmospheric monitoring based on high-resolution spectroscopies. -and of course the many other applications in communication and storage, e.g., CDs.All of these high-tech applications have come to define everyday life in the late twentieth century. One property of lasers, however, that of high intensity, did not immediately lead to "delicate" applications but rather to those requiring "brute force". That is, the laser was used in applications for removing material or heating. The first realistic applications involved cutting, drilling, and welding, and the laser was little more advanced than a saw, a drill, or a torch. In a humorous vein A.L. Schawlow proposed and demonstrated the first "laser eraser" in 1965 [4], using the different absorptivities of paper and ink to remove the ink without damaging the und...

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“…Mass spectrometric studies have been performed on various polymers under various conditions, e.g., as a function of irradiation wavelength and laser fluence. 3 Analysis of the ejected material has revealed ionic and neutral species with masses ranging from small degradation fragments, 4,5 to the monomer ͑from unzipping reactions͒, 6,7 to carbon clusters, 8 and finally to polymer fragments with molecular weights of up to 2500. 9,10 Timeof-flight ͑TOF͒ distributions ͑in reality, these are ''time-ofarrival'' curves͒ of neutral fragments have been analyzed to determine the energy distributions of the fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of neutral fragments from ultraviolet laser irradiation of a photolabile triazeno polymer

Lippert

Langford

Wokaun

et al. 1999

Journal of Applied Physics

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Articles you may be interested inNovel two-step laser ablation and ionization mass spectrometry (2S-LAIMS) of actor-spectator ice layers: Probing chemical composition of D2O ice beneath a H2O ice layer Dependence of ultraviolet nanosecond laser polymer ablation on polymer molecular weight: Poly(methyl methacrylate) at 248 nm A photolabile triazeno polymer was irradiated with pulsed excimer laser light at 248 nm and 30 ns pulse width. The ablation fragments were analyzed using time-of-flight ͑TOF͒ mass spectrometry. At fluences below 1.3 J/cm 2 , only neutral products were found. At these fluences, N 2 is by far the most intense neutral signal along with measurable phenyl radical ͑mass 76͒ production. The N 2 TOF shows a fast shoulder corresponding to kinetic energies of about 1.1 eV and a long slow tail persisting for hundreds of microseconds. The tail is attributed to delayed emission of reaction products from the polymer. The kinetic energy of the fast peak is attributed to direct ejection of products from surface sites undergoing exothermic decomposition. A weaker signal due to the phenyl radical is also observed. The observed fluence dependence of the two major products is highly nonlinear and is shown to fit an Arrhenius equation. We discuss the implications of these measurements regarding photochemical versus photothermal processes.

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Laser-ionization mass-spectrometric studies on laser ablation of a nitrogen-rich polymer at 532 nm and 1064 nm

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Fundamental Characteristics of a Laser Ablation Microthruster

Fundamental Characteristics of a Laser Ablation Microthruster

Laser Application of Polymers

Analysis of neutral fragments from ultraviolet laser irradiation of a photolabile triazeno polymer

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