“…HS-12QAM is obtained by combining GS-12QAM with PS and the Euclidean distance between HS-12QAM constellation points is n times GS, where n is the scaling factor under the power normalization constraint. Studies prove that a circle constellation significantly improves the phase noise and fiber nonlinear effects tolerance compared with a square constellation 8 , 25 , 26 . Therefore, GS-8/12QAM and HS-8/12QAM are more advantageous than R-8/12QAM and PS-8/12QAM in optical fiber communication systems.…”
Section: Principles Of Hybrid Geometric-probabilistic Shapingmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Studies prove that a circle constellation significantly improves the phase noise and fiber nonlinear effects tolerance compared with a square constellation. 8,25,26 Therefore, GS-8/ 12QAM and HS-8/12QAM are more advantageous than R-8/12QAM and PS-8/12QAM in optical fiber communication systems. The analysis of noise-resistance ability is presented in Sec.…”
Section: Minimum Euclidean Distance and Constellation Figure Of Merit...mentioning
.A hybrid shaping (HS) scheme based on geometric shaping (GS) and probabilistic shaping (PS) in a coherent optical communication system is proposed. A particle swarm optimization algorithm and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution are employed to sequentially implement GS and PS. The results demonstrate that hybrid shaped 8/12-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (HS-8/12QAM) is superior to regular-8/12QAM (R-8/12QAM) in terms of reducing the bit error rate (BER) and increasing the generalized mutual information (GMI). HS-8QAM achieves a 2 dB optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) gain and 0.45 bits / symbol GMI gain compared with R-8QAM. Meanwhile, HS-12QAM achieves 1.9 dB OSNR gain and 0.68 bits/symbol GMI gain compared with R-12QAM. In addition, HS-8/12QAM is better than R-8/12QAM in terms of transmission distance and data rate.
“…HS-12QAM is obtained by combining GS-12QAM with PS and the Euclidean distance between HS-12QAM constellation points is n times GS, where n is the scaling factor under the power normalization constraint. Studies prove that a circle constellation significantly improves the phase noise and fiber nonlinear effects tolerance compared with a square constellation 8 , 25 , 26 . Therefore, GS-8/12QAM and HS-8/12QAM are more advantageous than R-8/12QAM and PS-8/12QAM in optical fiber communication systems.…”
Section: Principles Of Hybrid Geometric-probabilistic Shapingmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Studies prove that a circle constellation significantly improves the phase noise and fiber nonlinear effects tolerance compared with a square constellation. 8,25,26 Therefore, GS-8/ 12QAM and HS-8/12QAM are more advantageous than R-8/12QAM and PS-8/12QAM in optical fiber communication systems. The analysis of noise-resistance ability is presented in Sec.…”
Section: Minimum Euclidean Distance and Constellation Figure Of Merit...mentioning
.A hybrid shaping (HS) scheme based on geometric shaping (GS) and probabilistic shaping (PS) in a coherent optical communication system is proposed. A particle swarm optimization algorithm and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution are employed to sequentially implement GS and PS. The results demonstrate that hybrid shaped 8/12-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (HS-8/12QAM) is superior to regular-8/12QAM (R-8/12QAM) in terms of reducing the bit error rate (BER) and increasing the generalized mutual information (GMI). HS-8QAM achieves a 2 dB optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) gain and 0.45 bits / symbol GMI gain compared with R-8QAM. Meanwhile, HS-12QAM achieves 1.9 dB OSNR gain and 0.68 bits/symbol GMI gain compared with R-12QAM. In addition, HS-8/12QAM is better than R-8/12QAM in terms of transmission distance and data rate.
“…The CMA algorithm has robust convergence which can be used to make the eye open at the beginning of equalization. After opening the eye, the DD-LMS algorithm can be used to decrease the residual error [4] .…”
This article propose and use the Modify Constant Modulus Algorithm (MCMA) and Decision-Directed Least Mean Square (DD-LMS) joint equalization Algorithm to balance Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) at the receiving end of 16-QAM. We analyzed the joint equalization technology implementation and switching threshold. Also we had carried on simulation experiments of four different equalization algorithms. The simulation results show that MCMA and DD-LMS joint equalization algorithm can get smaller residual error iteration, also can effectively repair the transmission process of phase shift.
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