Laser microdissection of grapevine leaf phloem infected by stolbur reveals site‐specific gene responses associated to sucrose transport and metabolism

Santi, Simonetta; Grisan, Simone; Pierasco, Alessandro; Marco, Federica De; Musetti, Rita

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02577.x

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Santi et al . showed decreased phloem loading through the inhibition of transport gene expression47. Together with these findings, the sucrose accumulation in OY-W infected leaves could be considered as a result of the reduction in phloem loading caused by phloem necrosis (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Purple top symptoms are associated with reduction of leaf cell death in phytoplasma-infected plants

Himeno

Kitazawa

Yoshida

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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Plants exhibit a wide variety of disease symptoms in response to pathogen attack. In general, most plant symptoms are recognized as harmful effects on host plants, and little is known about positive aspects of symptoms for infected plants. Herein, we report the beneficial role of purple top symptoms, which are characteristic of phytoplasma-infected plants. First, by using plant mutants defective in anthocyanin biosynthesis, we demonstrated that anthocyanin accumulation is directly responsible for the purple top symptoms, and is associated with reduction of leaf cell death caused by phytoplasma infection. Furthermore, we revealed that phytoplasma infection led to significant activation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and dramatic accumulation of sucrose by about 1000-fold, which can activate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. This is the first study to demonstrate the role and mechanism of the purple top symptoms in plant–phytoplasma interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Purple top symptoms are associated with reduction of leaf cell death in phytoplasma-infected plants

Himeno

Kitazawa

Yoshida

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…P. solani ’ in the leaves collected from D, H and R plants was performed as described by Santi et al [59]. Total RNA was extracted from frozen H, D and R leaves using RNeasy® Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany), and its quantity and purity were evaluated using a NanoDrop ND-1000 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AF248959) and the DNAK gene (accession no. AJ970678.1) [59]. Real-Time PCR analyses were performed in a CFX96 Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories Co., Hercules, CA, USA), using the following standard thermal profile: 95 °C for 3 min; followed by 45 cycles for 5 s at 95 °C; and 5 s at 60 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jasmonate-mediated defence responses, unlike salicylate-mediated responses, are involved in the recovery of grapevine from bois noir disease

et al. 2017

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Background Bois noir is an important disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), caused by phytoplasmas. An interesting, yet elusive aspect of the bois noir disease is “recovery”, i.e., the spontaneous and unpredictable remission of symptoms and damage. Because conventional pest management is ineffective against bois noir, deciphering the molecular bases of recovery is beneficial. The present study aimed to understand whether salicylate- and jasmonate-defence pathways might have a role in the recovery from the bois noir disease of grapevine.ResultsLeaves from healthy, bois noir-diseased and bois noir-recovered plants were compared, both in the presence (late summer) and absence (late spring) of bois noir symptoms on the diseased plants. Analyses of salicylate and jasmonate contents, as well as the expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis, signalling and action, were evaluated. In symptomatic diseased plants (late summer), unlike symptomless plants (late spring), salicylate biosynthesis was increased and salicylate-responsive genes were activated. In contrast, jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling genes were up-regulated both in recovered and diseased plants at all sampling dates. The activation of salicylate signalling in symptomatic plants might have antagonised the jasmonate-mediated defence response by suppressing the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes.ConclusionsOur results suggest that grapevine reacts to phytoplasma infection through salicylate-mediated signalling, although the resultant full activation of a salicylate-mediated response is apparently ineffective in conferring resistance against bois noir disease. Activation of the salicylate signalling pathway that is associated with the presence of bois noir phytoplasma seems to antagonise the jasmonate defence response, by failing to activate or suppressing both the expression of some jasmonate responsive genes that act downstream of the jasmonate biosynthetic pathway, as well as the first events of the jasmonate signalling pathway. On the other hand, activation of the entire jasmonate signalling pathway in recovered plants suggests the potential importance of jasmonate-regulated defences in preventing bois noir phytoplasma infections and the subsequent development of bois noir disease. Thus, on one hand, recovery could be achieved and maintained over time by preventing the activation of defence genes associated with salicylate signalling, and on the other hand, by activating jasmonate signalling and other defence responses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1069-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Oryzae , SWEET proteins are upregulated and sucrose accumulates in apoplast ready to be used for the pathogen growth (Chen et al, 2010, 2012). Santi et al reported a sequential regulation of sucrose transporter genes which are first downregulated during infection of grapevine by stolbur to limit the spread and then upregulated during the recovery stage providing necessary nutrients (Santi et al, 2013a,b). It is noteworthy that during fungal infection the expression of CWI and hexose transporters displayed a correlation enhancing the hexoses supply from the phloem to the surrounding tissues during the transition from source to sink (Fotopoulos et al, 2003; Hayes et al, 2010).…”

Section: Defense-induced Features Affected By Sucrose and Invertasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose and invertases, a part of the plant defense response to the biotic stresses

2014

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Sucrose is the main form of assimilated carbon which is produced during photosynthesis and then transported from source to sink tissues via the phloem. This disaccharide is known to have important roles as signaling molecule and it is involved in many metabolic processes in plants. Essential for plant growth and development, sucrose is engaged in plant defense by activating plant immune responses against pathogens. During infection, pathogens reallocate the plant sugars for their own needs forcing the plants to modify their sugar content and triggering their defense responses. Among enzymes that hydrolyze sucrose and alter carbohydrate partitioning, invertases have been reported to be affected during plant-pathogen interactions. Recent highlights on the role of invertases in the establishment of plant defense responses suggest a more complex regulation of sugar signaling in plant-pathogen interaction.

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Laser microdissection of grapevine leaf phloem infected by stolbur reveals site‐specific gene responses associated to sucrose transport and metabolism

Cited by 54 publications

References 61 publications

Purple top symptoms are associated with reduction of leaf cell death in phytoplasma-infected plants

Purple top symptoms are associated with reduction of leaf cell death in phytoplasma-infected plants

Jasmonate-mediated defence responses, unlike salicylate-mediated responses, are involved in the recovery of grapevine from bois noir disease

Sucrose and invertases, a part of the plant defense response to the biotic stresses

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