Laser-Patterning Engineering for Perovskite Solar Modules With 95% Aperture Ratio

Palma, Alessandro Lorenzo; Matteocci, Fabio; Agresti, Antonio; Pescetelli, Sara; Calabrò, Emanuele; Vesce, Luigi; Christiansen, Silke; Schmidt, Michael; Carlo, Aldo Di

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2017.2732223

Cited by 131 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this work, a conservative approach, based on the registration of the printed layers, was adopted to design the A4 size modules and achieve the series connection to adjacent cells. Though not effective in maximizing the active area if compared to laser patterning or mechanical scribing, edge registration is a safe strategy to avoid short circuits and unintentional damage to underlayers. Each module consisted of 22 cells, 5 mm wide and 180 mm long, placed 6 mm apart one from the other (as shown in Figure ), to guarantee 1.5 mm‐wide ZrO 2 overlapping the m‐TiO 2 on both sides and 3 mm‐wide area for the series connection of the carbon top electrode to the adjacent cell's photoanode, resulting in 198 cm 2 active area, 435.6 cm 2 aperture area (active area + area for interconnections), and 45.5% geometrical fill factor (GFF, ratio between the active and the total area).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm² Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

Rossi

Baker

Beynon

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

128

115

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mesoporous stack-titania (m-TiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), carbon (C)-is printable, C-PSCs are ideal for large scale production and, interestingly, some features that prevent degradation, i.e., lack of metal cathode [9] and organic HTM, [10] are also responsible for the simpler manufacturing process, paving the way for C-PSCs to move quickly from the lab to the market. This module architecture not only uses low-cost materials but can be produced by equipment that has a very low-capital cost thus reducing the barrier to commercialization of perovskite modules. Constraining the grain growth of the perovskite completely within the three mesoporous structures enables crystallization of the perovskite over large areas without the need for dynamic drying [11,12] to mimic the spin coating process. [13] There have been some reports demonstrating that C-PSC modules can be produced by screen printing, via registration of the overlapping layers, and can deliver between 10 and 11% power conversion efficiency (PCE) on 10 × 10 cm 2 substrates, with active areas ranging from 47.6 [7,14] to 70 cm 2 , [15] and, in particular, showing over 1 year stability under illumination, as reported by Grancini et al. [7] These results for C-PSC modules are even more remarkable, considering that modules with comparable active areas (>45 cm 2 ) and different device architecture, yielded respectively 12.6% PCE on 50.6 cm 2 (FTO/c-TiO 2 /graphene+m-TiO 2 / GO-Li/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au), [16] 8.7% PCE on 60 cm 2 (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/PCBM/Au), [17] and 4.3% PCE on 100 cm 2 (FTO/c-TiO 2 /m-TiO 2 /perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/ Au) [11] ; moreover, the record for PSC modules overall is Microquanta's 16% PCE [18,19] on just 16.29 cm 2 aperture area (active area + dead area for interconnections).Upscaling C-PSC manufacture from 10 × 10 cm 2 to larger substrate dimensions, e.g., A4 size as in our case, is far from trivial. Spraying the TiO 2 blocking layer (BL) at temperatures as high as 300 °C causes the large substrates to crack in the worst case or to bend, compromising the thickness homogeneity over the substrate of the printed layers, mostly and more crucially for the thinnest of the three, the sub-micrometric m-TiO 2 . Any change in the layers' thickness across the substrate can affect the performance of individual cells constituting the module Perovskite solar cells based on an all printable mesoporous stack, made of overlapping titania, zirconia, and carbon layers, represent a promising device architecture for both simple, low-cost manufacture, and outstanding stability. Here a breakthrough in the upscaling of this technology is reported: Screen printed modules on A4 sized conductive glass substrates, delivering power conversion efficiency (PCE) ranging from 3 to 5% at 1 sun on an unprecedented 198 cm 2 active area. An increase in the PCE, due to higher V OC and fill factor, is demonstrated by patterning the TiO 2 blocking layer. Furthermore, an unexpected increase of the performance is observed over time, while storing the modules in the dark,...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm² Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

Rossi

Baker

Beynon

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

128

115

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“…After coating SnO 2 , perovskite and spiro‐MeOTAD, one more line (P2) with a width of 200 µm is patterned by CO 2 laser to expose the bottom FTO electrodes to form the series connections between the cells. For P2 cutting, the laser wavelength and energy need be fine controlled to only remove the top layer but keep the FTO layer undamaged . However this process requires a more complicated laser system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far most PSMs have been fabricated using TiO 2 ETL, which requires high temperature processing and also results in instability issues . Furthermore, due to the high resistance of TiO 2 , a complicated laser patterning process is required to remove the coated TiO 2 layer in the interconnection area between each subcell to ensure good contact for series connection . Without removing the TiO 2 layer in the interconnection can significantly increase series resistance and lower PSM performance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Fabrication of Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Utilizing Room Temperature Sputtered SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer

Qiu

Liu

Ono

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

139

140

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Stability and scalability have become the two main challenges for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the research focus in the field advancing toward commercialization. One of the prerequisites to solve these challenges is to develop a cost-effective, uniform, and high quality electron transport layer that is compatible with stable PSCs. Sputtering deposition is widely employed for large area deposition of high quality thin films in the industry. Here the composition, structure, and electronic properties of room temperature sputtered SnO 2 are systematically studied. Ar and O 2 are used as the sputtering and reactive gas, respectively, and it is found that a highly oxidizing environment is essential for the formation of high quality SnO 2 films. With the optimized structure, SnO 2 films with high quality have been prepared. It is demonstrated that PSCs based on the sputtered SnO 2 electron transport layer show an efficiency up to 20.2% (stabilized power output of 19.8%) and a T 80 operational lifetime of 625 h. Furthermore, the uniform and thin sputtered SnO 2 film with high conductivity is promising for large area solar modules, which show efficiencies over 12% with an aperture area of 22.8 cm 2 fabricated on 5 × 5 cm 2 substrates (geometry fill factor = 91%), and a T 80 operational lifetime of 515 h.

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“…Module Fabrication : In order to produce perovskite solar modules, the P1‐P2‐P3 patterning procedure was adopted . FTO substrates were washed in the same way as small area ones; then, the P1 process was realized by means of a Nd:YVO 4 ns laser (λ = 1064 nm, fluence = 11.5 J cm −2 ) to insulate the FTO photoanodes of neighboring cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping Strategy for Efficient and Stable Triple Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells and Module Based on Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Hole Transport Layer

Nia

Lamanna

Zendehdel

et al. 2019

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As the hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been attracting great interest due to its low‐cost, thermal stability, oxygen impermeability, and strong hydrophobicity. In this work, a new doping strategy is developed for P3HT as the HTL in triple‐cation/double‐halide ((FA1−x−yMAxCsy)Pb(I1−xBrx)3) mesoscopic PSCs. Photovoltaic performance and stability of solar cells show remarkable enhancement using a composition of three dopants Li‐TFSI, TBP, and Co(III)‐TFSI reaching power conversion efficiencies of 19.25% on 0.1 cm2 active area, 16.29% on 1 cm2 active area, and 13.3% on a 43 cm2 active area module without using any additional absorber layer or any interlayer at the PSK/P3HT interface. The results illustrate the positive effect of a cobalt dopant on the band structure of perovskite/P3HT interfaces leading to improved hole extraction and a decrease of trap‐assisted recombination. Non‐encapsulated large area devices show promising air stability through keeping more than 80% of initial efficiency after 1500 h in atmospheric conditions (relative humidity ≈ 60%, r.t.), whereas encapsulated devices show more than >500 h at 85 °C thermal stability (>80%) and 100 h stability against continuous light soaking (>90%). The boosted efficiency and the improved stability make P3HT a good candidate for low‐cost large‐scale PSCs.

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Laser-Patterning Engineering for Perovskite Solar Modules With 95% Aperture Ratio

Cited by 131 publications

References 49 publications

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm² Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm² Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

Scalable Fabrication of Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Utilizing Room Temperature Sputtered SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer

Doping Strategy for Efficient and Stable Triple Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells and Module Based on Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Hole Transport Layer

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Laser-Patterning Engineering for Perovskite Solar Modules With 95% Aperture Ratio

Cited by 131 publications

References 49 publications

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm2 Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm2 Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

Scalable Fabrication of Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Utilizing Room Temperature Sputtered SnO2 Electron Transport Layer

Doping Strategy for Efficient and Stable Triple Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells and Module Based on Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Hole Transport Layer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm² Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

All Printable Perovskite Solar Modules with 198 cm² Active Area and Over 6% Efficiency

Scalable Fabrication of Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Utilizing Room Temperature Sputtered SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer