Laser Plasma Soft X-ray Microscope with Wolter Mirrors for Observation of Biological Specimens in Air

Abstract

Microwave self-radiation at various frequencies and for different mixing processes in high quality Josephson edge-)unctions based on Nb. and in thin-film bridges, based on Y-Eia-Cu-O have been experimentally studied and compared. High-T, Samples were prepared using the surtace-diffusion process on the insulating ceramic substrates. For the first time we describe t h e observation of a down-converted K-band noise signal obtained in a self-pumping mode.

6 MeV storage ring dedicated to hard X-ray imaging and far-infrared spectroscopy

“…A millimetresize tumour should be clearly visible because the 8 mm knots in figures 2b and 2c are identifiable by their shape. Magnified imaging has been previously available only for small and thin objects [8,9], but the magnified imaging of large objects, e.g. humans, Figure 1.…”

Simulation of partially coherent image formation in a compact soft X-ray microscope

“…A number of instruments can be found at storage ring facilities using synchrotron radiation as light source [1]. In addition, the Biomedical and X-ray Physics (BIOX) group has pioneered the development of compact X-ray microscopes [4,5], enabling laboratory operation of these instruments [6,7] in order to overcome the limited accessibility of synchrotron-based microscopes. In the present publication, we present a numerical method for the simulation of twodimensional X-ray microscope images obtained with partially coherent object illumination.…”

Application of a charge-coupled device photon-counting technique to three-dimensional element analysis of a plant seed (alfalfa) using a full-field x-ray fluorescence imaging microscope

“…Several kinds of Wolter mirrors, which can be used with soft ͑ϳ200 eV͒ to hard x rays ͑ϳ12 keV͒, have been developed, and a spatial resolution better than 100 nm has been achieved in the soft-x-ray region. [7][8][9][10] To determine the spatial distribution of a specific element using x-ray fluorescence imaging microscopes, two types of techniques can be proposed: one is to use two x-ray energies that are below and above the absorption edge of a specific element, and the other is to use polychromatic or quasimonochromatic x rays with a photon-counting technique. 11,12 The former requires a very bright x-ray source such as an undulator, while the latter requires a conventional bending-magnet x-ray source.…”